Let $(R,+,\cdot)$ be a finite ring. Obviously, $(R,+)$ is an abelian group; however the unit (multiplicative) group need not be abelian. My question is the following problem: > Given the dual group $\widehat{R}$ of $(R,+)$, under what condition on > $R$ is it true that > $$\#\{\text{primitive characters in $(\widehat{R},\cdot)$}\}=\#R^\times,$$ i.e. when does the number of primitive > characters of the abelian group $(R,+)$ equal the number of units in > $R$? **NOTES**\ The archetypal example is the ring $(\{0,1,2,\dotsc,n-1\},+,\cdot)$ of integers modulo $n$ where the answer is positive. I am not sure if the result is true for commutative rings.