I'm wondering where the *relative probabilistic distance* was first studied: $$d(A,B) =\mathbb P(\overline A\cup\overline B\mid A\cup B)$$ where $\overline A$ is the complement of $A$. A web search turned up this: <pre>@TechReport{Yianilos91, author = "Peter N. Yianilos", title = "Normalized Forms for Two Common Metrics", institution = "NEC Research Institute", year = {1991,2002} }</pre> which contains a detailed proof, but surely this was discovered prior to 1991?