The Cartan formula 
$$Sq^i(xy)=\Sigma _{j+k=i}Sq^j(x)Sq^k(y)$$
together with the instability condition 
$$Sq^d(\alpha)=\alpha ^2 \mbox{ if $d=deg(\alpha )$}, Sq^i(\alpha )=0 \mbox{ if $d>deg(\alpha )$}$$
and the property $Sq^0=id$ (see, e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steenrod_algebra)
give $Sq^i (\alpha ^j)= \binom{j}{i}\alpha ^{i+j} $.  All of these can be found, for example, http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1525101.files/steenrod-operations.pdf page 8.