The Bethe equations and Bethe ansatz are the central tools to study quantum integrable systems and there are thousands papers devoted to them. I cannot pretend to know substantial part of this research, so let me write some remarks which I am aware of. You ask "... is there **logic** to their roots ... " Yes, there is some logic - the keyword is "string hypothesis" (it is NOT related to string theory). Let me quote from [String hypothesis for gl(n|m) spin chains: a particle/hole democracy][1] Section 3.1 page 10. > Suppose that N is large and some Bethe root $\lambda_n$ has a positive > imaginary part. Then the l.h.s of (26) is exponentially > large with N. To achieve this large value on the r.h.s. there should > be another Bethe root $\lambda_n′ ∼ \lambda_n − i$, with the help of which the pole in > the r.h.s. is created. Repeating the same arguments for $\lambda_n′$ and using > the reality of solution of the Bethe Ansatz [36], we conclude that the > Bethe roots are organized in the complexes of the type: $\lambda_k = \lambda_0 + ik, ~~ k= -(s-1)/2, -(s-3)/2, ..., +(s-1)/2. $ > where s is an integer. These complexes are called **s-strings**. > > String > hypothesis in its strong form states that all solutions of the Bethe > Ansatz equations can be represented as a collection of strings, and > that $\lambda_k$ are approximated by $\lambda_0 + ik$ values with exponential in N > precision. In its strong form the string hypothesis is wrong. However > there is an evidence that its weaker version is correct if the proper > thermodynamic limit is taken. The weaker version states that most of > the Bethe roots are organized into strings with exponential in N > precision, and that the fraction of solutions which significantly differ > from (27) decreases to 0 when N → ∞. We discuss in more details > applicability of the string hypothesis in appendix A. [1]: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.3454