I have changed the title in the hope of attracting the attention of someone who knows about the history of set theory as well as intuitionistic logic: Who was the first to state the definition of **well-foundedness** intuitionistically as the **induction scheme**? $$ \forall \phi.\quad\frac{\forall x.(\forall y. y\prec x\Rightarrow \phi y)\Rightarrow \phi x}{\forall x.\phi x} $$ While I'm here, are the following historically correct? - Euclid's *Elements* Book VII Proposition 31 (the Euclidean algorithm for prime factorisation) says that an infinite descending sequence is impossible amongst the natural numbers. - What other forms of induction and recursion were stated before the 17th century? - Fermat, Pascal and Wallace in the 1650s stated induction in the form of the base case and induction step. - Cantor 1897 (earlier?) proved that, for any two well ordered sets, one is uniquely equivalent to an initial segment of the other. - Mirimanoff 1917 was the first to recognise the importance of the absence of infinite descending sequences in the consistency of set theory. I have made an [English translation](http://paultaylor.eu/trans/) of this paper. - von Neumann 1925 proposed the first version of the axiom of foundation, that the system of set theory is the minimal one. - Zermelo 1930 first asserted the axiom of foundation as the lack of infinite descending sequence of elements. - Zermelo 1935 was the first to study well-foundedness in the abstract, as a tool for proof theory. - von Neumann 1928 was the first to prove the recursion theorem for ordinals. I am currently working on the categorical reformulation of von Neumann's recursion theorem, for well founded coalgebras: http://www.paultaylor.eu/ordinals This includes the full bibliographical details of the above references. I can read French and Italian reasonably fluently, but unfortunately not German. Even some guesses would be appreciated! **Postscript:** There is a historical introduction in my papers *Well Founded Coalgebras and Recursion*, which is now with referees and can be found on the webpage mentioned above, along with follow-up work on *Ordinals as Coalgebras* and infrastructural work on Pataraia's fixed point theorem. As for the first person to state well-*foundedness* as opposed to well-*ordering*, Mirimanoff 1917 uses the idea without naming it, but otherwise the earliest I could find was: Ernst Zermelo, [*Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Theorie der mathematischen Satzsysteme*](http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/fm/fm25/fm25114.pdf), Fundamenta Mathematicae 25 (1935) 135--146, with an English translation in volume I of his *Collected Works*, edited by Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus et al.