In the lecture “Motives and ring stacks” Peter Scholze begins by showing that there are many ‘Weil-type’ cohomology theories for (separable and finite type) schemes over $\mathbb{Z}$ each of which can be realized as coherent cohomology of an associated ring stack defined over the coefficient ring $R$ of the cohomology theory. Examples he gives are Betti, de Rham and crytalline/prismatic.

He then goes on to construct a presentable symmetrical monoidal $(\infty, 2)$-category $Mot_{\mathbb{Z}}$ of motives for schemes over $\mathbb{Z}$. Category $Mot_S$ of motives over any scheme $S$ can be construed as the category of modules over the motive of $S$ in the $(\infty, 2)$-category.

It is not yet clear to me what the relationship between the ring stacks “representing” the cohomology theories and these motives is. So my first question is:

(1) Given an appropriate cohomology theory $H(.,R)$ with coefficients in $R$, what is the precise relationship between $Mot_\mathbb{Z}$ and the ring stack, $\mathcal{H}_{/R}$, associated to $H(.,R)$? Can $\mathcal{H}_{/R}$ somehow be built from $Mot_\mathbb{Z}$ and $R$ (as an analytic stack?)

Furthermore,

(2) Can there be a ‘universal’ ring stack $\mathcal{H}_{/\mathbb{Z}}$ over $\mathbb{Z}$ from which the ring stacks for various cohomology theories can be constructed?

Also,

(3) If $Sp_H$ is spectrum representing cohomology theory $H$ in the stable motivic homotopy category, how is $Sp_H$ related to the ring stack $\mathcal{H}$ associated to $H$?

Finally,

(4) Does this category of motives take us any closer to Grothendieck’s dream of an abelian category of motives than the other existing candidates? Does it give a good definition of the motivic Galois group?