Because I have heard the phrase "totally ordered abelian group", I imagine there should be non-abelian ones. By this I mean a group with a [total ordering][1] (not to be confused with a well-ordering) which is "bi-translation invariant": a < b should imply cad < cbd. Does anyone know any examples? Totally ordered *abelian* groups are easy to come up with: any direct product of subgroups of the reals, with the lexicographic ordering, will do. Knowing some non-abelian ones would help reveal what aspects of totally ordered abelian groups really depend on them being abelian... **Edit:** Via Andy Putman's answer below, I found this great summary of results about ordered and bi-ordered groups (i.e. groups with bi-translation invariant orderings) on Dale Rolfsen's site: [Lecture notes on Ordered Groups and Topology][2] He shows numerous examples of non-abelian bi-orderable groups, including a bi-ordering (bi-translation invariant ordering) on the free group with two generators. As well, he mentions, due to Rhemtulla, that a left-orderable group is abelian iff every left-ordering is a bi-ordering, which I think really highlights the relationship between ordering and abelianity. [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_order [2]: http://www.math.ubc.ca/~rolfsen/papers/luminynotes/lum.pdf