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Fedor Petrov
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for which $A\subset \mathbb{N}$ does there exist irrational $\alpha$ for which $\alpha\cdot A \pmod 1$ is not uniformly distributed?

In this question it is discussed that for a set $$A=\{2^n3^m| n,m=0,1,2,\ldots\}$$ there exists an irrational number $\alpha$ such that the set $\alpha\cdot A$ (being naturally enumerated) is not uniformly distributed modulo 1. For which general conditions on $A$ does such $\alpha$ exist? For example, is it sufficient that $A$ has zero upper density, or maybe even that $A$ has upper density less than 1?

Fedor Petrov
  • 108.9k
  • 9
  • 264
  • 459