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Luc Guyot
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Here is a proof which relies on a straighforward generalization of the Ping Pong Lemma.

Claim. Let $a$ and $b$ be the transformations of the Riemann sphere $\hat{\mathbb{C}} = \mathbb{C} \cup \{\infty\}$ defined by $$ a(z) = \frac{1}{z} + 2,\quad b(z) = z + 4. $$ Let $d \in \mathbb{N}_{> 0} \cup \{\infty\}$. Then the subgroup of $\operatorname{PSL}(2, \mathbb{R})$ generated by $X_d = \{b^{i}ab^{-i} \,\vert\, 0 \le i < d\}$ is free on $X_d$.

The claim and its proof are a trivial adaptation of [1, Example II.B.26] which makes use of Schottky groups.

Proof of the Claim. Let $\mathbb{D} = \{ z \in \mathbb{C} \, \vert \, \vert z \vert \le 1\}$, $\Omega_i = (\mathbb{D} + 2i) \sqcup (\mathbb{D} + 2i + 2)$ for $0 \le i < d$. Observe that $\gamma_i = b^ia b^{-i}$ maps

  • the exterior of the disk $\mathbb{D} + 2i$ onto the interior of the disk $\mathbb{D} + 2i + 2$, and
  • the exterior of the disk $\mathbb{D} + 2i + 2$ onto the interior of the disk $\mathbb{D} + 2i$.

Thus $\gamma_i^k(\Omega_j) \subseteq \Omega_i$ for every $i \neq j$ and every $k \in \mathbb{Z} \setminus \{0\}$. Clearly $\Omega_i \nsubseteq \Omega_j$ if $i \neq j$. A straightforward generalization of the Table-Tennis Lemma yields the result.


[1] P. de la Harpe, "Topics in Geometric Group Theory", 2000.

Luc Guyot
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