The answer is yes with $k = d(d - 1)^{d - 1}$. (Can this be improved?)
It follows from the so-called Reidemester-Schreier method [1, Proposition II.4.1].
Claim. Let $G$ be a group and let $H$ be a subgroup of $G$ with index $d$ in $G$. Let $S$ be a generating subset of $G$. Then $H$ can be generated by elements represented by positive words of length at most $k = d(d - 1)^{d - 1}$ with respect to $S$.
Notation. We denote by $S^{\ge 0}$ the set of the elements of $G$ which can be represented as products of non-negative powers of elements of $S$.
We will use
Lemma. Let $H$ be a subgroup of finite index in $G$.Then we can find a Schreier transversal of $\tilde{H}$ in $F$ consisting only of positive words on $X$ and of the trivial word.
Proof. We call a partial non-negative transversal if contains
Proof. Using the notation of [1, Proposition II.4.1], we consider a group presentation $F/N$ of $G$ where $F$ is a free group with basis $X$ which maps to $S$ via the quotient map $\varphi: F \twoheadrightarrow F/N$, $\tilde{H} \subseteq F$ the preimage of $H$ in $F$ and $T$ a Schreier transversal of $\tilde{H}$ in $F$. Then $H$ is generated by elements of the form $\gamma(x, t) = \varphi(tx (\overline{tx})^{-1})$ with $x \in X$, where $\overline{w} \in T$ is defined through $\tilde{H}w = \tilde{H}\overline{w}$ for $w \in F$. The result follows since every word in $T$ has length at most $d$ with respect to $X$.
Note. A Schreier transversal of a subgroup $H$ of $F$, free with basis $X$, is a subset $T$ of $F$ such that the cosets $Ht$ are distinct for $t \in T$, the union of the cosets $Ht$ is $F$ and every initial segment of an element $t \in T$, as a reduced word over $X^{\pm 1}$, is in $T$.
[1] R. Lyndon and P. Schupp, "Combinatorial Group Theory", 1977.