For $n \geq 1$, I want to find all solutions $x_i$ of the equation
\begin{equation} \begin{cases} x_i \in \mathbb{Z}, i=0,1,2...,n-1 \\ x_i^2 = 1, i=0,1,2...,n-1 \\ \omega = \cos(2\pi/n)+i\sin(2\pi/n) \\ z = \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} x_i \omega^{i} \\ (z*\operatorname{Conj} z ) \in \mathbb{Z} \end{cases} \end{equation}
As an example, $x_i = 1, i=0,1,2...,n-1$ is one solution to this equation. And $x_i = -1, i=0,1,2...,n-1$ is another solution. For small $n$, all solutions can be found by mathematical software. Is there any good idea for bigger $n$?
Here is the computational result for small $n$:
$n$ | Number of solutions | $2^n$ | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
$1$ | $2$ | $2$ | $100\%$ |
$2$ | $4$ | $4$ | $100\%$ |
$3$ | $8$ | $8$ | $100\%$ |
$4$ | $16$ | $16$ | $100\%$ |
$5$ | $12$ | $32$ | $37.5\%$ |
$6$ | $64$ | $64$ | $100\%$ |
$7$ | $44$ | $128$ | $34.375\%$ |
$8$ | $144$ | $256$ | $56.25\%$ |
$9$ | $80$ | $512$ | $15.625\%$ |
$10$ | $244$ | $1024$ | $23.8281\%$ |
$11$ | $68$ | $2048$ | $3.32031\%$ |
$12$ | $1816$ | $4096$ | $44.3359\%$ |
$13$ | $132$ | $8192$ | $1.61132\%$ |
$14$ | $2020$ | $16384$ | $12.3291\%$ |
$15$ | $1628$ | $32768$ | $4.96826\%$ |
$16$ | $4480$ | $65536$ | $6.83593\%$ |
$17$ | $36$ | $131072$ | $0.02746\%$ |
$18$ | $17200$ | $262144$ | $6.56127\%$ |
$19$ | $116$ | $524288$ | $0.02212\%$ |
$20$ | $33416$ | $1048576$ | $3.18679\%$ |
$21$ | $6644$ | $2097152$ | $0.31681\%$ |
$22$ | $30364$ | $4194304$ | $0.72393\%$ |
$23$ | $140$ | $8388608$ | $0.00166\%$ |
$24$ | $530512$ | $16777216$ | $3.16209\%$ |
$25$ | $832$ | $33554432$ | $0.00247\%$ |
$26$ | $173164$ | $67108864$ | $0.25803\%$ |
$27$ | $14336$ | $134217728$ | $0.01068\%$ |
$28$ | $673024$ | $268435456$ | $0.25072\%$ |
$29$ | $60$ | $536870912$ | $0.00001\%$ |
$30$ | $12263284$ | $1073741824$ | $1.14210\%$ |
Here is the further detail, the prime number related patterns are quite obvious.
$n$ | $z*Conj(z)$ | Number of solutions |
---|---|---|
$1$ | $1$ | $2$ |
$2$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$2$ | $4$ | $2$ |
$3$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$3$ | $4$ | $6$ |
$4$ | $0$ | $4$ |
$4$ | $4$ | $8$ |
$4$ | $8$ | $4$ |
$5$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$5$ | $4$ | $10$ |
$6$ | $0$ | $10$ |
$6$ | $4$ | $36$ |
$6$ | $12$ | $12$ |
$6$ | $16$ | $6$ |
$7$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$7$ | $4$ | $14$ |
$7$ | $8$ | $28$ |
$8$ | $0$ | $16$ |
$8$ | $4$ | $64$ |
$8$ | $8$ | $32$ |
$8$ | $12$ | $32$ |
$9$ | $0$ | $8$ |
$9$ | $4$ | $72$ |
$10$ | $0$ | $34$ |
$10$ | $4$ | $180$ |
$10$ | $16$ | $10$ |
$10$ | $20$ | $20$ |
$11$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$11$ | $4$ | $22$ |
$11$ | $12$ | $44$ |
$12$ | $0$ | $100$ |
$12$ | $4$ | $720$ |
$12$ | $8$ | $432$ |
$12$ | $12$ | $240$ |
$12$ | $16$ | $120$ |
$12$ | $20$ | $144$ |
$12$ | $24$ | $48$ |
$12$ | $32$ | $12$ |
$13$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$13$ | $4$ | $26$ |
$13$ | $12$ | $104$ |
$14$ | $0$ | $130$ |
$14$ | $4$ | $924$ |
$14$ | $8$ | $672$ |
$14$ | $16$ | $238$ |
$14$ | $28$ | $28$ |
$14$ | $32$ | $28$ |
$15$ | $0$ | $38$ |
$15$ | $4$ | $600$ |
$15$ | $8$ | $600$ |
$15$ | $12$ | $60$ |
$15$ | $16$ | $210$ |
$15$ | $20$ | $60$ |
$15$ | $24$ | $60$ |
$16$ | $0$ | $256$ |
$16$ | $4$ | $2048$ |
$16$ | $8$ | $1024$ |
$16$ | $12$ | $1024$ |
$16$ | $28$ | $128$ |
$17$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$17$ | $4$ | $34$ |
$18$ | $0$ | $1000$ |
$18$ | $4$ | $10800$ |
$18$ | $12$ | $3600$ |
$18$ | $16$ | $1800$ |
$19$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$19$ | $4$ | $38$ |
$19$ | $20$ | $76$ |
$20$ | $0$ | $1156$ |
$20$ | $4$ | $12240$ |
$20$ | $8$ | $6480$ |
$20$ | $12$ | $5760$ |
$20$ | $16$ | $680$ |
$20$ | $20$ | $4640$ |
$20$ | $24$ | $1440$ |
$20$ | $28$ | $640$ |
$20$ | $32$ | $20$ |
$20$ | $36$ | $80$ |
$20$ | $40$ | $240$ |
$20$ | $48$ | $40$ |
$21$ | $0$ | $134$ |
$21$ | $4$ | $2856$ |
$21$ | $8$ | $2184$ |
$21$ | $12$ | $84$ |
$21$ | $16$ | $714$ |
$21$ | $24$ | $168$ |
$21$ | $28$ | $420$ |
$21$ | $32$ | $84$ |
$22$ | $0$ | $2050$ |
$22$ | $4$ | $22572$ |
$22$ | $12$ | $4224$ |
$22$ | $16$ | $22$ |
$22$ | $20$ | $1408$ |
$22$ | $44$ | $44$ |
$22$ | $48$ | $44$ |
$23$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$23$ | $4$ | $46$ |
$23$ | $24$ | $92$ |
$24$ | $0$ | $10000$ |
$24$ | $4$ | $144000$ |
$24$ | $8$ | $86400$ |
$24$ | $12$ | $151680$ |
$24$ | $16$ | $24000$ |
$24$ | $20$ | $63360$ |
$24$ | $24$ | $26880$ |
$24$ | $28$ | $11520$ |
$24$ | $32$ | $2400$ |
$24$ | $36$ | $6720$ |
$24$ | $40$ | $1920$ |
$24$ | $44$ | $960$ |
$24$ | $48$ | $480$ |
$24$ | $60$ | $192$ |
$25$ | $0$ | $32$ |
$25$ | $4$ | $800$ |
$26$ | $0$ | $8194$ |
$26$ | $4$ | $106548$ |
$26$ | $12$ | $54912$ |
$26$ | $16$ | $26$ |
$26$ | $36$ | $3328$ |
$26$ | $48$ | $104$ |
$26$ | $52$ | $52$ |
$27$ | $0$ | $512$ |
$27$ | $4$ | $13824$ |
$28$ | $0$ | $16900$ |
$28$ | $4$ | $240240$ |
$28$ | $8$ | $296688$ |
$28$ | $16$ | $94136$ |
$28$ | $20$ | $3696$ |
$28$ | $28$ | $7280$ |
$28$ | $32$ | $10892$ |
$28$ | $40$ | $2688$ |
$28$ | $52$ | $336$ |
$28$ | $56$ | $112$ |
$28$ | $64$ | $56$ |
$29$ | $0$ | $2$ |
$29$ | $4$ | $58$ |
$30$ | $0$ | $146854$ |
$30$ | $4$ | $2856780$ |
$30$ | $8$ | $3657600$ |
$30$ | $12$ | $1151400$ |
$30$ | $16$ | $2268360$ |
$30$ | $20$ | $528600$ |
$30$ | $24$ | $675840$ |
$30$ | $28$ | $240480$ |
$30$ | $32$ | $447480$ |
$30$ | $36$ | $40980$ |
$30$ | $40$ | $92160$ |
$30$ | $44$ | $72000$ |
$30$ | $48$ | $38460$ |
$30$ | $52$ | $1080$ |
$30$ | $56$ | $28800$ |
$30$ | $60$ | $5160$ |
$30$ | $64$ | $7410$ |
$30$ | $68$ | $120$ |
$30$ | $72$ | $1920$ |
$30$ | $76$ | $1320$ |
$30$ | $80$ | $300$ |
$30$ | $92$ | $120$ |
$30$ | $96$ | $60$ |