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Alexandre Eremenko
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You can do this without integration, by performing the following steps.

  1. Calculate the coordinates of the vertices of your rectangle. Let the vertices be $v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4$.

  2. Let your point "source" be $O$. Normalize the vectors $Ov_j$ by dividing each vector on its length. This gives you 4 points on the unit sphere centered at $O$.

  3. Connect those 4 points by great circles in the correct order. You obtain a spherical quadrilateral. Find its interior angles, by spherical trigonometry. (They are the same as dihedral angles of the cone built on $Ov_j$.

  4. Your solid angle is the area of this spherical quadrilateral, and once you know the interior angles it is equal to the sum of these angles minus $2\pi$.

Alexandre Eremenko
  • 91.8k
  • 9
  • 259
  • 429