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Max Alekseyev
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All square roots of $y$ are obtained by taking any particular square root of $y$ and multiplying it by a square root of 1. So, the problem is split into two:

  • find one (any) square root of $y$;
  • find all square roots of 1.

In PARI/GP, both problems are solved more or less easily. E.g., for the first problem one can employ p-adic numbers and compute sqrt(y + O(p^t)).

This script computes all square roots, even modulo composite numbers.

Max Alekseyev
  • 34.3k
  • 5
  • 74
  • 152