Following the paper of Giusto and Simpson (Located sets and reverse mathematics) the Mandelbrot set $M$ is located closed if the distance function $\mathbb C\rightarrow\mathbb R$ exists in the model under consideration, which I assume you take to be the model containing only computable objects.
Such locatedness seems to be the same as Conjecture 4 of Hertling ("Is the Mandelbrot set computable?", 2003), which asks whether $f:\mathbb C\rightarrow \mathbb R$ is computable.
What happens if we replace $\mathbb C$ by $\mathbb Q[i]$? Could there be a way to compute $f(q)$ using a representation of $q$ as a rational, but nevertheless no way to approximate $f(x)$ given an arbitrary $x$, due to a lack of a useful modulus of continuity in $d(x)$? No, because $|d(x,M)-d(q,M)|\le d(q,x)$.