Most people define a function, f(n) on N recursively. I think I can calculate f(n) without dealing with f(n-r) for any 0 < r < n. How do I know that my method isn't still going through the same calculations needed to find f(n-1) (or whatever previous terms are required to find f(n) recursively) -- ? 1. If my method takes many fewer calculations than the recursive way of calculating it does that show that I am not relying on f(n-r) for any 0 < r < n? What would "many fewer" have to mean for this to be significant? 2. The number of calculations my method takes still depends on n, just like the recursive way of calculating f(n), does that alone mean that the methods are pretty much the same? 3. If my method takes the same number (or more) calculations than recursive way of calculating f(n) is there any other way of telling if my method is not, in some way, duplicating the recursive way of calculating f(n)?