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Does it fail to be conspicuous to some people that putting the punctuation outside the math tags causes font mismatches and bad formatting. (That is among the differences between MathJax, where the problem occurs, and genuine LaTeX, where it doesn't.)
Michael Hardy
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In topology there is the notion of an infinite spider's web in the (complex) plane $\mathbb C$ that was introduced in 2010 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.5081.pdf.

A set $E\subseteq \mathbb C$ is an infinite spider’s web if $E$ is connected and there exists a sequence of bounded simply connected domains $(G_n)$ with

  • $G_n \subset G_{n+1},$
  • $\partial G_n\subset E,$ and
  • $\bigcup _{n\in \mathbb N}G_n = \mathbb C.$

In certain cases we also have that $E$ is closed and nowhere dense, and each $\partial G_n$ is a simple closed curve (Jordan curve), so that $E$ more closely resembles a traditional spider's web. These sets can be generated by iteration of entire functions such as $f(z)=\frac{1}{2}(\cos z^{1/4}+\cosh z^{1/4})$. The image below shows a spider's web consisting of the points $z\in \mathbb C$ such that $f^n(z)\to\infty$ at a certain rate (see https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.5081.pdf for details).

Every locally connected Julia set of a transcendental entire function also has this form (shown in https://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.3256.pdf).

enter image description here

D.S. Lipham
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