Is there a set convention for which name (maiden name or married name) a female married mathematician should use? 

While this question addresses women's maiden name it applies equally to men's maiden name when it differs from their married name. The question seeks for an advice for the dilemma: whether to use the maiden name or the new married name. 

For example, Fan Chung is married to Ron Graham, but she publishes under "Fan Chung."  Vera T. Sós is another married woman who continued to use her maiden name, but the T. stands for Turán.  Yet, I'm pretty sure that Emma Lehmer (née Trotskaia) published under her married name.  

Does it have something to do with the name under which the woman first publishes or the name under which name she receives her Ph.D.?