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John Stillwell
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A rather nice example is the monoid of $3\times 3$ integer matrices. Its membership problem is unsolvable, indeed so is the problem when $x$ is restricted to be the zero matrix. This is another way to state the unsolvability of the mortality problem for $3\times 3$ integer matrices, previously mentioned in this MO answer.

John Stillwell
  • 12.4k
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  • 96
  • 118