The [modified Bessel function of the 1st kind][1] $I_0$ is defined by $$ I_0(z)=\frac1\pi\int_0^{2\pi}e^{z\cos\theta}\,d\theta $$ and arises, among other places, in the probability density function of a noncentral $\chi^2(2)$ random variable. The [error function][2] is defined by $$ \text{erf}(z)=\frac2{\sqrt\pi}\int_0^z e^{-t^2}dt $$ and is closely related to the cumulative distribution function for the standard normal distribution. I believe these are not [elementary functions][3], but >is either $I_0$ or $\text{erf}$ elementary "**relative to**" the other? That is, if we were to add one of them to our repertoire of "elementary" functions, would the other one become "elementary"? [1]: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ModifiedBesselFunctionoftheFirstKind.html [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_function