I like the following problem:
Let $S$ be a finite collection of circles in the plane such that the union of their areas is $1$. Show that you can pick disjoint circles whose area is at least $1/9$.
The solution idea is to do a greedy selection: First pick the circle of maximum radius. Then take away any of the other circles that are contained in three times this radius and repeat.
This greedy idea is a bit 'algorithmic' and the many similar variants are used for a wide variety of approximation algorithms.