If you only want the maximum of a single column or a single row, then for large $d$ this is the maximum of $d$ i.i.d. Gaussians with zero mean and variance $1/d$.
The maximum of all matrix elements is more subtle:
This problem has been considered in the large-$d$ limit by T. Jiang, Maxima of entries of Haar distributed matrices (alternative link).
If $W_d$ is the maximum matrix element in absolute value of a Haar-distributed $d\times d$ unitary matrix, then $W_d^2\rightarrow (2/d)\log d$ in probability for $d\rightarrow\infty$.
Numerical simulations that show the convergence of the probability distribution of $W_n$ in the case of random orthogonal matrices are given in Uncertainty principles and ideal atomic decomposition.