Part I: The answer is yes under additional conditions:
- Periodic data conditions are satisfied. That is, for any periodic point $p$ $$ \sum_{x\in O(p)}f(x)=0. $$
- Exponent $\alpha$ is sufficiently close to 1.
- Transformation $A$ is dominated by $T$. That is, the map $(x,v)\mapsto(Tx, Av)$ is partially hyperbolic.
Then Walkden's paper "Solutions to the twisted cocycle equation over hyperbolic systems" proves that there exists an $\alpha$-Holder solution $g$. The result is more general: the target group is any Lie group with a bi-invariant metric and the equation is the cohomological equation for two cocycles rather than just coboundary equation.
Part II: Notice however that if $A\neq Id$ then the periodic conditions may be no longer necessary. Let's restrict to the case when $k=1$ then our equation takes form $$ f=\lambda g\circ T-g, $$ where $\lambda<1$. Direct computation shows that $$ g=-\sum_{i\ge 0} \lambda^if\circ T^i $$ is a solution. It is also clear that $g$ is Holder continuous. Moreover, in this case uniqueness is clear as well since the above formula for $g$ is obtained recurrently from $$ g=-f+\lambda g\circ T. $$ It seems that this generalizes rather straightforwardly to the case when $A$ is hyperbolic. And I think it's worthwhile to see if anything interesting happens in the case then $A$ has some eigenvalues on the unit circle and some off.