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Carlo Beenakker
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You can use the rotational invariance of the Gaussian distribution to take $\mathbf{y}=2^{-1/2}\sigma_y(\sqrt \xi_{2M},0,0,\ldots,0)$, with $\xi_{2M}$ distributed independently of $\mathbf{x}$ according to a $\chi^2$ distribution with $2M$ degrees of freedom. Then $$Z=\tfrac{1}{2}\sigma_y^2 \xi_{2M}|z|^2\;\;\text{with}\;\; z=\frac{x_1}{\sum_{n=1}^M |x_n|^2}.$$ This can be further reduced to $$Z=\frac{\sigma_y^2}{\sigma_x^2} \frac{\xi_{2M}\xi_{2}}{(\xi_{2}+\xi_{2M-2})^2},$$ with $\xi_2$ and $\xi_{2M-2}$ independently chi-squared distributed with $2$, respectively, $2M-2$ degrees of freedom.

I don't think the distribution of this rational function of three independent chi-squared distributions has a closed form expression.

Carlo Beenakker
  • 188.1k
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  • 448
  • 651