- Thomas Young (of diffraction, elasticity, and Rosetta Stone fame) published mathematics as
James Joseph Sylvester published several papers under the pseudonym Lanavicensis. (Sylvester itself was an adopted surname.)
Michel Rolle (d’Ambert) was Remi Lochell (de Bertam) in polemics against the calculus.
Pascual Jordan (of quantum mechanics, Jordan algebras fame) expressed “extreme far-right political views” under the pseudonym Ernst Domeier.
Norbert Wiener published The Miracle of the Broom Closet and The Brain as W. Norbert.