The article Deformation par quantification et rigidite des algebres enveloppantes by M. Bordemann, A. Makhlouf, T. Petit addresses these questions. They call Lie algebras $\mathfrak{g}$ with $HH^2(U(\mathfrak{g}),U(\mathfrak{g}))=0$ strongly rigid, and show that then every formal associative deformation is equivalent to the trivial deformation.
Dietrich Burde
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