The question is interesting because it's a natural one which leads to an impasse for research and (probably as a result) apparently didn't make it into the literature even though people have long recognized that the answer is yes.    Probably the most intriguing aspect of the question is how efficiently it can be answered: how few elementary facts about category $\mathcal{O}$ are actually needed to construct a rigorous proof.   For example, does one need to know about the existence of enough projectives in $\mathcal{O}$?

Here is a fairly straightforward treatment of the rank 1 case, which makes Ben's helpful sketch more transparent, though it would require more combinatorial detail about weight spaces to make the general argument rigorous.   In general it's probably natural to carry out some reductions first, including the (unnecessary) assumption that all weights are *integral*.   The axioms imply fairly directly that all objects in $\mathcal{O}$ have finite Jordan-Holder
length (finite number of composition factors).   Since all simple modules are highest weight modules $L(\lambda)$ (the unique quotient of a Verma module $M(\lambda)$), and $\mathcal{O}$ is closed under subquotients, it's enough to assume that $M = L(\lambda)$ is infinite dimensional, which just means that $\lambda$ is not dominant.   Now choose $N$ to be a simple Verma module $M(\mu)$ (so $\mu$ is antidominant).

For the rank 1 simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_2$, integral weights can be treated just as integers.   Here the possibilities for simple and Verma modules in $\mathcal{O}$ are very limited: the finite dimensional simples $L(\lambda)$ with $\lambda \geq 0$ and the infinite dimensional simples of negative highest weight, which are also Verma modules.   Moreover, the weight spaces here all have dimension 1, with weights forming a string $\lambda, \lambda -2, \dots$    But in a tensor product $M \otimes N = M(\lambda) \otimes M(\mu)$ with $\lambda, \mu$ negative, the dimensions grow very rapidly.  As Ben observes, this creates a contradiction.   In particular, a weight space $(M \otimes N)_\nu$ with $\nu = \lambda+\mu - \theta$ and $\theta \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ can be arbitrarily large.   On the other hand, if $M \otimes N \in \mathcal{O}$, it has only a finite number $n$ of composition factors and thus each weight space has dimension at most $n$.