I've shopped the problem below around a bit and it seems like it might be known, or not that hard to resolve, but so far I've come up empty-handed. Say that a coloring of the dots of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_%28number_theory%29#Ferrers_diagram">Ferrers diagram</a> is <i>proper</i> if two dots in the same row or column are never assigned the same color. Given a proper coloring $c$, let $n_i(c)$ denote the number of dots of color $i$, where we index the colors so that $n_1(c) \ge n_2(c) \ge n_3(c) \ge \cdots.$ In other words, $n_i(c)$ is the number of dots colored with the $i$th most common color. Say that a proper coloring $c$ of a Ferrers diagram $D$ is <i>dominant</i> if, for <i>every</i> proper coloring $c'$ of $D$ and every $i$, $$n_1(c) + n_2(c) + \cdots + n_i(c) \ge n_1(c') + n_2(c') + \cdots + n_i(c').$$ > Does a Ferrers diagram always have a dominant proper coloring? If the answer is yes then the proof is probably not going to be easy because it would imply another conjecture that I think is not easy (see <a href="http://alum.mit.edu/www/tchow/wide.pdf">this paper</a> for more details). However, perhaps there's an easy counterexample? <b>EDIT:</b> I should have said that there are easy counterexamples if the condition that the shape be a Ferrers diagram is relaxed. For example, consider the shape below, where again a proper coloring never assigns the same color to two dots in the same row or column. <pre> * * ** *** * * </pre> By coloring the diagonal all one color, we see that there is a coloring $c$ such that $n_1(c)=5$, $n_2(c)=2$, and $n_3(c)=2$. On the other hand it is easy to see that there is also a coloring $c'$ with $n_1(c')=n_2(c')=4$ and $n_3(c')=1$. But it is also easy to see that there is no coloring $c''$ such that $n_1(c'')\ge n_1(c) = 5$ and $n_1(c'')+n_2(c'') \ge n_1(c')+n_2(c') = 8$, so there is no dominant coloring.