This post is a sequel to: Collaboration or acknowledgment?

The following has come to my attention. A senior mathematician (let us call him Alice) suggested a problem to a young mathematician (Bob) who proceeded to solve it on his own and wrote up the result. The senior mathematician also signed the paper and included his PhD student (Charlie) as a coauthor because they were thinking about the same problem, despite the fact they (Alice and Charlie) did not even have partial results. Is there a way for the young mathematician (Bob) to manage such a situation without creating conflict?

Edit: One good advice so far is to be generous. It does reward unethical behaviour but I have no better advice for the young mathematician, which is why I asked this question.