One has $S_a(x) \sim C(a) x (\log x)^{2^a -1}$ where $$ C(a) = \Gamma(2^a)^{-1} \prod_p \left( 1 - \frac{1}{p} \right)^{2^a} \left( \sum_{k \geq 0} \frac{(k+1)^a}{p^k}\right). $$ This follows for example from standard tauberian theorems and from the fact that $\sum_{n \geq 1} d(n)^a n^{-s} = \zeta(s)^{2^a} F(s)$ where $F$ is an holomorphic function on the domain $\mathrm{Re}(s) > \frac{1}{2}$.
EDIT: the estimate above is valid for any $a \geq 0$ and can be made uniform in $a$ when $a$ stays bounded (as in your question).