For $n \geq 1$, I want to find all solutions $x_i$ of the equation \begin{equation} \begin{array}l x_i \in \mathbb{Z}, i=0,1,2\dotsc,n-1 \\ x_i^2 = 1, i=0,1,2\dotsc,n-1 \\ \omega = \cos(2\pi/n)+i\sin(2\pi/n) \\ z = \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} x_i \omega^{i} \\ \lvert z\rvert^2 \in \mathbb{Z}. \end{array} \end{equation} As an example, $x_i = 1$, $i=0,1,2\dotsc,n-1$ is one solution to this equation. And $x_i = -1$, $i=0,1,2\dotsc,n-1$ is another solution. For small $n$, all solutions can be found by mathematical software. Is there any good idea for bigger $n$? Here is the computational result for small $n$: | $n$ | Number of solutions | $2^n$ | Percentage | |:----------:|:------:|:------:|:------:| |1|2|2|100\%| |2|4|4|100\%| |3|8|8|100\%| |4|16|16|100\%| |5|12|32|37.5\%| |6|64|64|100\%| |7|44|128|34.375\%| |8|144|256|56.25\%| |9|80|512|15.625\%| |10|244|1024|23.8281\%| |11|68|2048|3.32031\%| |12|1816|4096|44.3359\%| |13|132|8192|1.61132\%| |14|2020|16384|12.3291\%| |15|1628|32768|4.96826\%| |16|4480|65536|6.83593\%| |17|36|131072|0.02746\%| |18|17200|262144|6.56127\%| |19|116|524288|0.02212\%| |20|33416|1048576|3.18679\%| |21|6644|2097152|0.31681\%| |22|30364|4194304|0.72393\%| |23|140|8388608|0.00166\%| |24|530512|16777216|3.16209\%| |25|832|33554432|0.00247\%| |26|173164|67108864|0.25803\%| |27|14336|134217728|0.01068\%| |28|673024|268435456|0.25072\%| |29|60|536870912|0.00001\%| |30|12263284|1073741824|1.14210\%| Here is the further detail, the prime number related patterns are quite obvious. |$n$|$\lvert z\rvert^2$|Number of solutions| |:----------:|:----------:|:------:| |1|1|2| |2|0|2| |2|4|2| |3|0|2| |3|4|6| |4|0|4| |4|4|8| |4|8|4| |5|0|2| |5|4|10| |6|0|10| |6|4|36| |6|12|12| |6|16|6| |7|0|2| |7|4|14| |7|8|28| |8|0|16| |8|4|64| |8|8|32| |8|12|32| |9|0|8| |9|4|72| |10|0|34| |10|4|180| |10|16|10| |10|20|20| |11|0|2| |11|4|22| |11|12|44| |12|0|100| |12|4|720| |12|8|432| |12|12|240| |12|16|120| |12|20|144| |12|24|48| |12|32|12| |13|0|2| |13|4|26| |13|12|104| |14|0|130| |14|4|924| |14|8|672| |14|16|238| |14|28|28| |14|32|28| |15|0|38| |15|4|600| |15|8|600| |15|12|60| |15|16|210| |15|20|60| |15|24|60| |16|0|256| |16|4|2048| |16|8|1024| |16|12|1024| |16|28|128| |17|0|2| |17|4|34| |18|0|1000| |18|4|10800| |18|12|3600| |18|16|1800| |19|0|2| |19|4|38| |19|20|76| |20|0|1156| |20|4|12240| |20|8|6480| |20|12|5760| |20|16|680| |20|20|4640| |20|24|1440| |20|28|640| |20|32|20| |20|36|80| |20|40|240| |20|48|40| |21|0|134| |21|4|2856| |21|8|2184| |21|12|84| |21|16|714| |21|24|168| |21|28|420| |21|32|84| |22|0|2050| |22|4|22572| |22|12|4224| |22|16|22| |22|20|1408| |22|44|44| |22|48|44| |23|0|2| |23|4|46| |23|24|92| |24|0|10000| |24|4|144000| |24|8|86400| |24|12|151680| |24|16|24000| |24|20|63360| |24|24|26880| |24|28|11520| |24|32|2400| |24|36|6720| |24|40|1920| |24|44|960| |24|48|480| |24|60|192| |25|0|32| |25|4|800| |26|0|8194| |26|4|106548| |26|12|54912| |26|16|26| |26|36|3328| |26|48|104| |26|52|52| |27|0|512| |27|4|13824| |28|0|16900| |28|4|240240| |28|8|296688| |28|16|94136| |28|20|3696| |28|28|7280| |28|32|10892| |28|40|2688| |28|52|336| |28|56|112| |28|64|56| |29|0|2| |29|4|58| |30|0|146854| |30|4|2856780| |30|8|3657600| |30|12|1151400| |30|16|2268360| |30|20|528600| |30|24|675840| |30|28|240480| |30|32|447480| |30|36|40980| |30|40|92160| |30|44|72000| |30|48|38460| |30|52|1080| |30|56|28800| |30|60|5160| |30|64|7410| |30|68|120| |30|72|1920| |30|76|1320| |30|80|300| |30|92|120| |30|96|60|