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Indentation.
Joseph O'Rourke
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First, the curve-shortening process is quite beautiful in its own right:


          [![Spiral][1]][1]
  [YouTube video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ez0QoJ3XG8) showing self-intersection is avoided.
Second, curve-shortening is a method for proving the existence of simple closed geodesics on a topological $2$-sphere. See [The theorem of the three geodesics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem_of_the_three_geodesics).
Joseph O'Rourke
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  • 358
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