Allow me to answer not in stacks but rather in spaces (which may be appropriate if the answer is about getting intuition). The main point I want to make is that setting up the dictionary is more subtle and doesn't work in the generality suggested by the question.
One of the relevant references here would appear to be
- [BL] J. Bernstein and V. Lunts. Equivariant sheaves and functors. Lecture Notes in Math 1578, Springer, 1994.
They are mostly interested in topological groups with some mild conditions (and what I say below applies in this generality), but also discuss in particular discrete groups. Some of the stuff can be done similarly for algebraic groups.
First there is an issue with the actual category we are interested in. If the group is discrete, then it's ok to consider the derived category of representations (but that requires proof, cf. Section 8 [BL]). If the group is not discrete, one would rather like to look at the equivariant derived category (which is not the derived category of equivariant sheaves). So the $D(BG):= D(Rep(G))$ is already a bit problematic. Moreover, if we only consider the space $BG$ then $D(BG)$ is not really the category one would be interested in (too big); one would want objects which have locally constant cohomology. (I think these issues with already finding the appropriate definition doesn't go away if we just say stack.)
Now come the issues with the six functors: well, there is no issue for $\pi^\ast$. This exists and corresponds to restriction. However, if we look at the equivariant derived category, this is not the full derived category of $BG$ but only those with locally constant cohomology. The right adjoint functors will typically not preserve this property. This is why there is an extensive discussion on how to actually construct the functor $\pi_\ast$ in the book of [BL]. There is another issue with $\pi_\ast$: if we are only looking at the derived category of bounded complexes, then $\pi_\ast$ may not actually be defined. For example if $G$ which is not of finite cohomological dimension then the ordinary pushforward of the constant sheaf along $BG\to {\rm pt}$ will not land in the bounded derived category.
The exceptional functors are not constructed in the situation for $BG\to BH$, [BL] only do this for morphisms of $G$-spaces where $G$ is fixed. This may be related to actual problems with compactifiability e.g. in the case $BG\to {\rm pt}$. I don't know if they exist. What exists in any case are two induction functors (Section 3.7 of [BL]), left and right adjoint to restriction for the map $BG\to BH$ induced by a closed subgroup $G\subset H$. (This implies that the fiber of $BG\to BH$ is the homogeneous space $H/G$ and there is no infinite-dimensional contribution like the classifying space of the kernel.) [BL] denote these functors $Ind_!$ (left adjoint to Res) and $Ind_\ast$ (right adjoint to Res). In the setting of discrete groups, Section 8 of [BL] discusses the relation between the left adjoint and usual induction.
Finally, the Verdier duality holds also in equivariant derived categories. I think in the case of a Poincaré duality group (where $BG$ is actually a manifold) the dualizing sheaf should be given by the dualizing module. In general, there is no reason for a "dualizing representation" to exist, the dualizing object will just be some complex about which little can be said.
I'm not sure if these problems go away if we say "stack" everywhere. As far as I understand the six-functor formalism for stacks is also quite problematic to set up.