If you replace it with the cyclic shift operator, you get a circulant matrix (the same as your $L_n$ except that the bottom-left entry is $1$). The eigenvalues of that matrix are the $n$th roots of unity.
Your $L_n$ is a highly non-normal matrix; the circulant version is normal. If you want to understand this better, read Chapter 7 of Trefethen & Embree's Spectra and Pseudospectra, which deals specifically with your example.