This question has long history, In fact the idea for connecting Algebraic geometry to PDE comes from your vision to meaning of "surgery"
In fact philosophically
$$Algebraic \; surgery<===>PDE \; surgery<===> Geometric \; Surgery$$
Here algebraic surgery I mean flips and flops.
Now I come back to your question
One of fundamental conjectures in Kahler geometry is about finding canonical metrics(Kahler-Einstein metrics, twisted Kahler Einstein metrics, constant scalar curvature,...)
You need to know birational geometry in algebraic geometry for finding canonical metrics.
One of connections of Algebraic geometry to canonical metric theory is the Minimal Model Program and a nice program introduced by Jian Song and Gang Tian
In fact if $X$ be a projective variety and by definition the canonical metric $g_{can}$ is the metric which is attached to canonical model $X_{can}=\text{Proj}\bigoplus_{m\geq 0}H^0(X,K_X^{m}) $. Let the canonical Ring $$\bigoplus_{m\geq 0}H^0(X,K_X^{m})$$ is finitely generated and let the Kodaira dimension is positive then
$$\pi:X\to X_{can}=\text{Proj}(\bigoplus_{m\geq 0}H^0(X,K_X^{m}))$$
gives a canonical metric which is twisted by Weil-Petersson metric on $X$ via
$$Ric(g_{can})=-g_{can}+g_{WP}$$
where $g_{WP}$ is the Weil-Petersson metric and corresponds to moduli space of Calabi-Yau fibers.
So
If the Kodaira dimension is negative then you can find canonical metric by applying Mori fiber space and some condition on Chow-Mumford line bundle and extending the result of Ross-Fine we have
$$Ric(g_{can})=g_{can}+g_{WP}$$
where $g_{WP}$ is the Weil-Petersson metric on moduli-space of fibers of positive first Chern class which can be introduced by using Deligne pairing.
If the first Chern class be positive then we need the notion of K-stability of Tian-Donaldson for finding canonical metric(Kahler-Einstein metric)
If the first chern class be zero or negative then we can apply the result of Yau and Aubin for finding canonical metric(Kahler-Einstein metric in this case)