If $P$ is infinite and $P\cong \textrm{End}(P)$, then the size of $P$ is restricted by the following facts.
Lemma. Assume that $P$ is an infinite poset.
$P$ has an infinite antichain, an infinite well-ordered subset, or an infinite inversely well-ordered subset.
If $|P|>2^{\lambda}$ for some infinite $\lambda$, then $P$ has an antichain, a well-ordered subset, or an inversely well-ordered subset of size $>\lambda$.
If $P$ has an antichain of size at least $\kappa$, then $\textrm{End}(P)$ has an antichain of size at least $2^{\kappa}$.
If $P$ has a well-ordered or inversely well-ordered subset of size at least $\kappa$, then $\textrm{End}(P)$ has an antichain of size at least $2^{\kappa}$.
In particular, these facts imply that if $P\cong \textrm{End}(P)$, then $|P|\geq \beth_{\omega}$. If also $|P|>2^{\lambda}$ for some infinite $\lambda$, then $|P|>2^{2^{\lambda}}$.
Sketch of proofs.
Part 1 of the Lemma follows from Ramsey's Theorem.
Part 2 of the Lemma follows from the Erdos-Rado Theorem.
For part 3 of the Lemma, if $P$ is an antichain, then $\textrm{End}(P)$ is an antichain of size $2^{|P|}$, so the claim is clear. Otherwise choose $a<b$ in $P$. Let $A\subseteq P$ be an antichain in $P$ of cardinality $\kappa$. It is possible to find a set $\mathcal X$ of pairwise incomparable subsets of $A$ such that $|\mathcal X|=2^{\kappa}$. For each $U\in \mathcal X$ define $f_U\colon P\to P$ by $f_U(x)=b$ if $x$ is in the filter generated by $U$ in $P$, else $f_U(x)=a$. The set $\{f_U | U\in \mathcal X\}$ is an antichain of size $2^{\kappa}$ in $\textrm{End}(P)$.
For part 4 of the lemma, assume that $W = \{w_{\alpha} : \alpha < \kappa\}$ is an enumeration of an increasing $\kappa$-sequence in $P$. Define a partial function $\sigma\colon P\to P$ by taking $\sigma(x)$ to be the least element $w_{\alpha}$ in $W$ such that $x\not\geq w_{\alpha}$. This $\sigma$ is a monotone total function if $W$ is cofinal in $P$, but only a partial function if there is some $q\in P$ above every $w_{\alpha}$. If such $q$ exists, fix one such, and extend the definition of $W$ to include $w_{\kappa}=q$ and extend the definition of $\sigma$ so that $\sigma(x)=q$ if $x\geq w_{\alpha}$ for all $\alpha<\kappa$. Either way, $W$ is well-ordered, of size $\kappa$, and $\sigma\in \textrm{End}(P)$ maps $P$ into $W$ and $\sigma(P)$ is well-ordered and of size $\kappa$. (Note: $\sigma(P)$ might be a proper subset of $W$.)
For every subset $V\subseteq \sigma(P)$ not containing $w_{\kappa}$ define $g\colon \sigma(P)\to \sigma(P)$ by $g(w_{\alpha})=w_{\alpha}$ if $w_{\alpha}\in \sigma(P)\setminus V$ and $g(w_{\alpha})=w_{\alpha+1}$ if $w_{\alpha}\in V$. If $V_1$ and $V_2$ are incomparable subsets of $\sigma(P)$, then $g_{V_1}$ and $g_{V_2}$ are incomparable elements of $\textrm{End}(P)$. There is a set of $2^{\kappa}$-many pairwise incomparable subsets of the $\kappa$-element set $\sigma(P)\setminus\{w_{\kappa}\}$, so $\textrm{End}(P)$ has an antichain of size at least $2^{\kappa}$. \\