This is actually a standard property of the homotopy category of complexes on which construction of the derived category is based, formulated in unusual way.

For a quasi-isomorphism $s:X'\to X$ and $f\in Hom(X',Y)$ denote by $fs^{-1}$ the image of $f$ in the first colimit(in a second we will justify the choice of notation). By description of the filtered colimit, two images $fs^{-1}$ and $gt^{-1}$(for $t:X''\to X,g\in Hom(X'',Y)$) coincide iff there exists $X'''$ and qisms $p:X'''\to X',q:X'''\to X''$ and a map $r\in Hom(X''',Y)$ such that $sp=tq,fp=gq$. This is exactly the condition for fractions $fs^{-1}$ and $gt^{-1}$ to be equivalent in the right localization by qisms(see e.g. Weibel, 10.3).

Analogously, the third colimit can be identified with the set of equivalence clases of left fractions. Now, Ore conditions guarantee that these two sets of equivalence classes coincide, which is precisely the isomorphism you are looking for.

The answer to the question B is just a formal consequence(though, I don't think that this is indeed internal Hom for arbitrary category $C$, for category of modules over a ring it is): forgetful functor from abelian groups to sets is fully faithful and commutes with filtered colimits, so arrows in the last diagram are isomoprhisms already on the level of complexes.