The suffix "-oid" means the same as "quasi", so "resembling", "like". A *groupoid* is a quasi-group, like a group. There are <A HREF="https://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-end-in-oid">hundreds of words</A> in that category, covering many scientific disciplines.

In the "early use of mathematical words" <a href="https://jeff560.tripod.com/c.html">database</a> I find:

250 BC: conchoid    
200 BC: cissoid     
400: trapezoid   
1650: trochoid     
1672: ellipsoid   
1685: cochleoid    
1830: epicycloid   
1836: paraboloid    
1837: strophoid           
1844: centroid    
1872: geoid, gyroid   
1878: nephroid       
1879: deltoid     
1881: prismatoid   
1891: cuboid   
1935: matroid   

<A HREF="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/05/magazine/on-language-the-woid-on-oid.html">The Woid on-Oid</A> by William Safire comments on the proliferation of -oids:

> We all know that the use of -oid to create a noun has been growing by
> leapoids and bounds. Among the earliest were android, or "automaton
> in human form," created in 1727, and asteroid, "small body like a
> star," in 1802. Scientists and mathematicians were especially
> attracted to the ending, juggling their cylindroids, globoids and
> spheroids.