There is a concept of the free Banach space over a metric space. This a canonical way to embed a metric space into a Banach space and was introduced by Arens and Eells in a paper in the Pacific Journal of Mathematics ("On embedding uniform and topological spaces", vol. 6 (1956), 397-403). One way to construct it is as a predual of a suitable space of Lipschitz functions on the metric space.
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