It's not clear exactly what your first sentence is asking for (there are a variety of surveys and books). For instance, are you only interested in finite Coxeter groups? The embeddings of the noncrystallographic Coxeter groups $H_3, H_4$ indicated in the follow-up question probably originate in older work of Coxeter and du Val. These embeddings have been studied over the years in different styles, but a single comprehensive reference may not exist. One direction is indicated in a series of papers by Matthew Dyer, e.g., *Embeddings of root systems. I. Root systems over commutative rings*, J. Algebra 321 (2009), no. 11, 3226–3248. Another direction of research connects the embeddings with mathematical physics, sometimes in rather a computational style, e.g., Mehmet Koca, Ramazan Koç, Muataz Al-Barwani, *Noncrystallographic Coxeter group $H_4$ in $E_8$*, J. Phys. A 34 (2001), no. 50, 11201–11213.