Thanks Misha for the reference! (Just rewriting it here to complete this thread).
It seems that an off-the-cuff calculation (what I refer to as "down-to-earth") probably isn't going to suffice; there is some intricate stuff going on in the proofs involving the homotopy groups of the rotation groups of the spheres and orthogonal frames.
Homotopy Properties of the Real Orthogonal Groups (Whitehead), 1941, which focuses precisely on our case in question. The proof comes down to the obstruction of certain maps induced from rotation groups and their fixed subspaces on spheres.
Vector Fields on the n-Sphere (Steenrod, Whitehead) 1950, which studies particular fibrations of Stiefel manifolds over the spheres. It proves that for $n=2^k(2m+1)-1$ we have $k(n)<2^k$, which includes our case in question.