Once you have pre-specified some simplices $S$ that must be included in your triangulation of the convex polytope $P$, what remains is the problem of triangulating a nonconvex region: $P \setminus S$. There are nonconvex polyhedra (in dimension 3) that cannot be triangulated. I believe one could make such an example from the Schönhardt polyhedron, by insisting on the inclusion of three tetrahedra ($S$) external to that polyhedron as part of a triangulation of the convex hull ($P$) of two twisted triangles in parallel planes, so that $P \setminus S$ is the un-tetrahedralizable Schönhardt polyhedron (see below). And it is an NP-complete problem to decide if a given nonconvex polyhedron can be triangulated, a 1992 result of Ruppert and Seidel.
If you want to nevertheless hope that your region can be triangulated, you might explore geometric bistellar flips to underlie an approach.
