>**Question:**  

> are there any "standard" ways of indicating the meaning of numerical values in formulas, resp. general mathematical texts (theorems, proofs, etc.)?   

I am especially looking for suggestions to tell apart the weight of a graph's edge from a multiplicity of that weight.  
Background is that I want to demonstrate, how to calculate a sufficiently high constant that, when added or assigned  to certain edge's weights, does some "tricks" e.g., ensuring that some specific edges are included in the output of a tsp solver.  

I am aware that what is considered "good" or "best" is  largely in the eye of the beholder, so this question is aimed at an overview of notations.  
Some background on the origin and/or articles in which a specific notation is used would be great.