The action of $S$ on $X$ induces an action of $BS$ on $BX$. One way to see it is to do it at the level of $p$ simplices and construct a map $B_pS\times B_pX\to B_pX$ for all $p$.
This action induces an action map $H_0(BS)\otimes H_p(BX)\to H_p(BX)$ making $H_p(BX)$ into an $H_0(BS)$-module. But $H_0(BS)=\mathbb{Z}[\pi_0(BS)]$, therefore you have an action of the group algebra $\mathbb{Z}[\pi_0(BS)]$ on $H_p(BX)$ or equivalently an action of the group $\pi_0(S)$ on $H_p(BX)$.