The classification theorem of closed surfaces states that any connected closed surface is homeomorphic to some member of one of these three families: the $sphere$; the connected sum of $ g $ $tori$, ; the connected sum of $ k $ $real$ $projective$ $planes $. this is a simple example of the trichotomy.sphere can be taken as $ 0 $ tori. so $SPHERE$ serves the middle column.
Koushik
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