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I want to point out a bibliographical information that perhaps is not very well-known and can be taken as "evidence" for the possibility of applying anabelian geometry to the ABC conjecture successfully. However, I am not claiming that this is related in any sort of way to Mochizuki's work. Here is the fact: There is a $\pi_1$ proof of the function field Szpiro conjecture (over the complex numbers, as far as I know). The proof is indeed easy and conceptually clear, you can find an nice exposition of it in some (expository) paper of Zhang, whose title is lost somewhere in my memories. Anyway, I can tell you what is the key point of the argument. Let E be an elliptic fibration over the projective line L over the complex numbers. Assume that E has only multiplicative bad reduction. You can read the order of the discriminant at a point of L from the Kodaira type of the fibre, which in turn can be recovered in terms of monodromy representations of the fundamental group of L minus the points with bad fibres: smooth fibres have trivial monodromy, and the monodromy of singular fibres is determined by Dehn twists (assuming multiplicative reduction). You can look at all these local representations at once, after choosing loops to link bad points to some generic point p of L and then study the image of the global monodromy representation on the homology of the fibre above p. Choosing loops appropriately gives the usual commutator relation which in the image of the global representation gives a relation R=1 among generators of the local reps (and they "know" what the discriminant is). Everything here is inside $SL_2(Z)=Aut(Z^2)=Aut(H_1(E_p,Z))$ which acts on the real plane, and up to scalars it acts on the projective real line whose universal covering you already know (yes, the real line). One can lift the relation R=1 to a relation among automorphisms of the real line to get a relation R'=1' where now 1' knows the number of terms appearing on R, that is to say the number of singular fibres, which is the conductor of E in this setting. Then the Szpiro bound can be recovered from the relation R'=1'. And there you have, a derivative-free proof of the Szpiro conjecture for function fields (a bit shocking at least for me the first time I saw it). All the diophantine information being supplied by fundamental groups.