Tyrone points out [in the comments][1] that the cofibrant objects in the Quillen model structure on $Top$ are compactly generated normal Hausdorff space with CW homotopy type. The OP wants a weakly contractible space that is not cofibrant. Tyler Lawson points out that the Sierpinski space is not cofibrant (because it's not Hausdorff for one reason) and is weakly equivalent to a contractible space. [It's also contractible itself][2]. The comments also mention the Warsaw circle, but of course that's not weakly contractible. Another example that might help the OP is [the long line][3], which normal and Hausdorff, is weakly contractible but not contractible, and does not have the homotopy type of a CW complex.

In fact, there are zillions of examples of weakly contractible spaces that are not cofibrant. Even if you shift from $Top$ to the category of compactly generated weak Hausdorff spaces, you don't avoid these examples, because the [extended long ray is compact Hausdorff][3], but still weakly contractible. However, there is one option for modeling the homotopy theory of spaces that avoids these kinds of examples, namely the category of simplicial sets, where every object is cofibrant. I am guessing the OP is not yet an expert in algebraic topology, and might benefit from reading more about simplicial sets, e.g., in chapter 3 of [Mark Hovey's book][4] or [this nice introduction by Greg Friedman][5].


  [1]: https://mathoverflow.net/questions/462323/weakly-contractible-x-but-none-of-the-maps-to-x-are-cofibrations#comment1199589_462323
  [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpi%C5%84ski_space
  [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_line_(topology)
  [4]: https://bookstore.ams.org/surv-63-s
  [5]: https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.4221