Sorry if this question is too simple. I once read, on a number theory textbook - forget the title, in one of the problems list that all Pythagorean triplets when multiplied are divisible by 60. I proved that using the generating functions (is this the correct name? I got the name from my Discrete Mathematics textbook): \begin{align} a &= p^2 - q^2 \\\ b &= 2pq \\\ c &= p^2 + q^2. \end{align} I proved it by proving all possible parities of $p$ and $q$. It's tedious because I have to prove some cases are not possible (like $a$, $b$, and $c$ can't be all even or odd). My questions are: 1. Who and how someone came up with the generating functions? 2. If you don't know the generating functions or don't want to prove it like I did, is there any other way to prove it? Geometrically? Using Calculus? I mean there're many ways to prove Pythagorean theorem using Geometry, Number Theory, etc.