Questions tagged [transcendence]
The transcendence tag has no usage guidance.
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Exponential of Liouville Numbers
By Mahler classification of Transcendental real numbers (into the sets of $S$-, $T$- and $U$-numbers), we know that
Any Liouville number is a $U$-number.
$\log \alpha$ is either an $S$- or a $T$-...
0
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Analytical proof of an equation that includes transcendental functions
Can anyone help me find an analytical proof for the following statement:
for
$$t \in ]0,1[\setminus\{t_0\},\quad t' \in ]0,1[\setminus\{t_0\},\quad t\neq t',\quad k_1,k_2 \in \mathbf{R}^*,\quad t_0 \...
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Transcendence of functions and change of field of definition
Suppose the one has a sequence of rational functions $Q_n(z)\in\mathbb Q(z)$. Let $p$ be a prime number. Suppose that that there exists an infinite subset $X$ of $\mathbb Q_p$ such that:
the ...
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Siegel's method for transcendence measure quoted by Mahler
In "Zur Approximation der Exponentialfunktion und des Logarithmus. Teil II" Malher wrote (footnote 5 page 148) that the constant appearing in Satz 4 can be improved by a method communicated ...
4
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Transcendence measure: of $\ln(a/b)$
In the book " Number Theory IV Transcendental Numbers" written by Parsin and Shafarevich (book, page 104) it is asserted that to explicit a transcendence measure of a complex number $w$, it ...
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Liouville numbers with some "special" convergents
Recall that a real number $\ell$ is called a Liouville number, if there exists an infinite sequence of rational numbers $(p_n/q_n)_n$ for which
$$
0<\left|\ell-\frac{p_n}{q_n}\right|<\dfrac{1}{...
4
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1
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Ground state energy of anharmonic oscillator: algebraic or transcendental?
Consider the quantum anharmonic oscillator, with Hamiltonian $H=p^2/2+q^2/2+gq^4$ for some real $g\geq 0$, with $p$ and $q$ obeying the usual Heisenberg commutation relations. For $g=0$, the ground ...
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Reference request for results that involve the transcendence degree
Currently I'm reading "On the Decidability of the Real Exponential Field" by Macintyre and Wilkie and the Proof of Theorem 1.1 (page 462-464) uses two algebraic results that involve the ...
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2
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Transcendence on $ \alpha+f(\alpha), \alpha f(\alpha) $ and $ \alpha/f(\alpha) $ where $ \alpha$ is transcendental
Let $f(x)$ be a real transcendental function with algebraic coefficients. So $f(x)$ and $x$ are algebraically independent. Let $\alpha$ be a transcendental number, are the numbers $$\alpha+f(\alpha),\...
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Why is it easier to prove $e$ is transcendental than $\pi$?
Why is it easier to prove $e$ is transcendental than $\pi$?
I noticed that the proofs of $\pi$'s transcendence are much longer and have more details to check than those of $e.$ My guess is that it's ...
6
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Transcendence of values of Fredholm series at algebraic arguments
Let $d$ be an integer greater than $1$ and let $f(z)=\sum_{n\ge0}z^{d^n}$ be the Fredholm series. It is well-known that the Roth-Ridout theorem implies that $f(r)$ is a transcendental number for all ...
31
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How to prove that the solution to $x^{x+1}=(x+1)^{x}$ is transcendental?
I was asked by an high school student if there is an algebraic way to find the exact value of the solution to the equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq}
x^{x+1}=(x+1)^x
\end{equation}
Let us define that ...
3
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Can one define a degree of a period?
In the context of Feynman integrals, certain values of the zeta function appear at certain loop orders. Given that the tree-level amplitudes are rational, and assuming the zeta values to be ...
5
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Irrationality of $e^{x/y}$
How to prove the following continued fraction of $e^{x/y}$
$${\displaystyle e^{x/y}=1+{\cfrac {2x}{2y-x+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{6y+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{10y+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{14y+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{18y+\ddots }}}}}}}}}}...
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Transcendence à la Liouville
Let $\alpha\in\overline{\mathbb Q}^*$. How to prove that for a non ultimately constant sequence $(\varepsilon_n)_n$ with $\varepsilon_n\in\{0,1\}$, the number $\sum_{n\ge0}\frac{\varepsilon_n}{\alpha^{...
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Transcendence of Euler series
Is the Euler series $\sum_{n\ge0}n!X^n\in\mathbb C[[X]]$ transcendental over $\mathbb C(X)$?
2
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On a transcendental number defined as a variation involving the Lambert $W$ function in the nested square root representation of the golden ratio
Define the real number $\xi$ satisfying
$$\xi=\sqrt{1+W\left(1+\sqrt{1+W(1+\ldots)}\right)}\tag{1}$$
where $W(x)$ denotes the main branch of the Lambert $W$ function, as reference I add that Wikipedia ...
3
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Irrationality or transcendence of $i^{i\Omega}$ and $2^\Omega$, with $\Omega=W(1)$ and $W(x)$ being the main branch of Lambert $W$ function
In this post we denote the main (or principal) branch of the Lambert $W$ function as $W(x)$, I add as reference that Wikipedia has the article Lambert $W$ function. The particular value $W(1)=\Omega$ ...
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Concerning $k \subset L \subset k(x,y)$
The following is a known result in algebraic geometry:
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero (for example, $k=\mathbb{C}$).
Let $L$ be a field such that $k \subset L \subset ...
0
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1
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$a^b=b^a$ and algebraicity [closed]
Suppose $a$ and $b$ are reals such that $a^b=b^a$. If $a$ is algebraic, is $b$ algebraic too?
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$f,g \in \mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ satisfying: $\operatorname{Jac}(f,g)=0$ and $f,g \notin \mathbb{Z}[h]$ for every $h \in \mathbb{Z}[x,y]$?
Is it possible to find $f,g \in \mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ (with $\deg(f),\deg(g) \geq 1$) such that the following two conditions are satisfied:
(1) $\operatorname{Jac}(f,g)=f_xg_y-f_yg_x = 0$.
(2) ...
5
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Number defined by a recursive binary sequence
In a math column in Scientific American many years ago, I encountered a peculiar binary sequence I describe below. Unfortunately I can't find a reference on this, so I would be grateful for any ...
5
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Transcendental Continued Fractions
Liouville famously showed the existence of a transcendental number by considering $\alpha =\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty10^{-n!}$ and showing that it did not satisfy 'Liouville's criterion' $|\alpha-p/q|\...
6
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If $f,g \in D[x,y]$ are algebraically dependent over $D$, then $f,g \in D[h]$ for some $h\in D[x,y]$?
This question asks: If $f,g \in k[x,y]$ are two algebraically dependent polynomials over an arbitrary field $k$, is it true that there exists a polynomial $h \in k[x,y]$ such that $f,g \in k[h]$,
...
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A non-commutative analog of: two polynomials are algebraically dependent iff their Jacobian is zero
Let $f,g \in \mathbb{C}[x,y]$.
There is a well-known result, that can be found for example
here, pages 19-20, that says the following:
$f,g$ are algebraically dependent over $\mathbb{C}$ if and ...
2
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0
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Generalizations of Lüroth theorem
Let $k$ be an arbitrary field (I do not mind to take $k=\mathbb{C}$, if things are easier in this case).
A more general version of Lüroth theorem says that a field $L$, $k \subset L \subset k(x,y)$, ...
6
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1
answer
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Transcendence degree of the fraction field of $k[G]$ for torsion free abelian group $G$
Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $p$ and $G$ be a torsion free abelian group . Then the group ring $k[G]$ is an integral domain , let $k(G)$ denote its field of fractions . Then can we say ...
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0
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Nielsen--Schreier for fields
Is it true that a subextension of a purely transcendental extension is itself purely transcendental?
In symbols, suppose we have field extensions $M/L/K$, with $M/K$ purely transcendental. Must $L/K$ ...
8
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Why is the Euler-Mascheroni constant not a Liouville number?
Let $\gamma$ be the Euler-Mascheroni constant. Why is $\gamma$ not a Liouville number? Are there any upper bounds for the irrationality measure of $\gamma$ known?
Any pointers to the literature are ...
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1
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"Transcendental tilings": Do they exist?
Let $T$ be a tiling of the plane.
Fix an origin and shoot a ray $r$ from the origin.
Mark off points $p_i$ along $r$ separated by unit distance.
Compute from $r$ a binary number $0 < b(r) < 1$ ...
2
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1
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Solving a transcendental equation, in closed form
There is a change of variable between two varibles $q$ and $Q$ as the following:
$$q=Q\exp(2f(Q))\quad\quad \quad (*)$$
where $f(Q)$ is given by
$$f(Q)=\sum_{d=1}^\infty \frac{(2d-1)!}{(d!)^2}Q^d$$
...
6
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Transcendence of $e^{\frac{\pi^2}{12 \log 2}}$
Is it known whether $e^{\frac{\pi^2}{12 \log 2}}$ is transcendental or algebraic?
This number showed up in this other question.
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$\mathbb{Z}$-linear independence of arguments of units in non-CM number fields
Playing a little bit with Groessencharacters a stumbled on the following question:
Let $K$ be a non CM number field with $r_1$ real embeddings and $2r_2>0$ complex embeddings. Set $r=r_1+r_2-1$ ...
8
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Transcendence of the $p$-adic number $\sum_{n\ge0}a^{2^n}$
Let $p$ a prime number and $a\in\overline{\mathbb Q}\subset\mathbb C_p$ be an algebraic $p$-adic number such that $|a|_p<1$.
Is the number $s_a=\sum_{n\ge0}a^{2^n}$ transcendental over $\mathbb ...
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1
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Preservation of algebraically dependence for derivative [closed]
It is well-known (see Allouche monography for example) that if $f$ is an algebraic function over $K(X)$ then $f'$ is also algebraic. I wonder whether $f$ and $g$ are algebraically dependent, then $f'$ ...
0
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3
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algebraic independence of exponential functions
Let $a_1,\ldots,a_n$ be $\mathbb Q$-linearly independant algebraic numbers. Are the functions $e^{az},\ldots,e^{a_nz}$ algebraically independent functions (over $\mathbb C(z)$ or $\mathbb Q(z)$)?
I ...
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Number of generators of ideal if quotient field has certain transcendence degree
I am trying to prove a result which is used in A. Macintyre and A. J. Wilkie (1995), 'On the decidability of the real exponential field', in Odifreddi, P.G., Kreisel 70th Birthday Volume, CLSI, p. ...
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Transcendence of solutions of $\sum_{i=1}^n a_i b_i^x = 1$
I am currently doing things related to the Akra–Bazzi theorem. One element in that theorem is the following:
For $n>0$ and sequences of real numbers $a_i, b_i$ of length $n$, where all $a_i>0$ ...
11
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Transcendence of products of certain real algebraic numbers
Let
\begin{equation}
z := \prod_p p^{1/p^2},
\end{equation}
where the product is over all prime numbers $p$, and we always take the positive real root. Is $z$ transcendental or algebraic, or (as I ...
4
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1
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Hermite Lindemann and transcendental reals
This is about compass and straightedge constructions, although I suspect nothing changes if we expand to real numbers algebraic over the rationals.
Anyway, let $E$ be the "constructible numbers," ...
4
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3
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Algebraically Independent Numbers and Affine Linear Maps
Suppose I have two lists $\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_k$ and $\beta_1,\dots,\beta_k$ of real numbers such that all $2k$ numbers are mutually algebraically-independent over the rationals. For each $i \in \{1,...
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Numbers with known finite irrationality measure greater than 2
For a real number $\alpha$, let the irrationality measure $\mu(\alpha) \in \mathbb{R}\cup \{\infty\}$ be defined as the supremum of all real numbers $\mu$ such that
$$ \left| \alpha-\frac{p}{q}\right|...
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Random Sequence : Definition of [closed]
"A sequence of bits is random if there exists no Program shorter than it which can produce the same sequence." ~ Kolmogorov
Q: How do the digits of Pi fall as a random sequence based on the above ...
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Why is it hard to prove that the Euler Mascheroni constant is irrational?
Philosophically why should proving that $\gamma$ is irrational (let alone transcendental) be so much harder than proving $\pi$ or $e$ are irrational?
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What was Lambert's solution to $x^m+x=q$?
I've been thinking about Lambert's Trinomial Equation quite a bit, and I want to see his solution. The only solution I could find was in Euler's form, and I still don't quite understand how he got ...
3
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0
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quasi periodic continued fractions and powers of e, tanh, tan
It is well known that some transcendental numbers like e.g. rational multiples of $e^{2/n}$ with $n\in\mathbb N $, when written as regular continued fractions (R.C.F.), yield what can be called a ...
4
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Transcendental numbers that are "suspected" to be algebraically dependent without conjectured relation?
I am experimenting with a solver for finding algebraic dependencies and would like
to test it on more data sets.
Are there transcendental numbers that are "suspected" to be algebraically dependent ...
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1
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Is this seemingly novel irrational constant also transcendental?
I recently discovered a constant that is constructed as follows:
$\chi=\sum_{n=1}^\infty (\frac{\cos{n}}{2|\cos{n}|}+\frac{1}{2}) 2^{-n}$
Furthermore I can prove that it is an irrational number ...
4
votes
1
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Finding purely transcendental parts of field extensions
If we have a field $K$ such that $K\cong K(t)$ (i.e. it is isomorphic to the field you get if you adjoin one transcendental) then is there necessarily a subfield $L\lt K$ such that $L\ncong L(t)$ and $...
11
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0
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Connections of results in Harmonic analysis in the theory of Transcendental Numbers
An entire function $f$ is said to be of exponential type if there exist constants $c$ and $k$ such that $|f(z)|\leq c e^{k |z|}$.
A famous result of Polya says if $f$ is an entire function of ...