All Questions
Tagged with set-theory computability-theory
172 questions
5
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0
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158
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If $\omega_1$ is not inaccessible in $L$, how hard can it be to find a non-measurable $\Sigma^1_3$ set of reals?
In his wonderfully titled paper Can you take Solovay's inaccessible away? Shelah showed that if every $\mathbf{\Sigma}^1_3$ set of reals is Lebesgue measurable, then $\omega_1$ is an inaccessible ...
- 12.5k
2
votes
1
answer
161
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Are Cohen Generics Minimal Covers?
Are Cohen generics (in $2^\omega$) minimal covers?
I'm ultimately interested in this question for some more effective notion of forcing but I realized I wasn't sure how to show this even assuming full ...
- 3,029
6
votes
2
answers
276
views
Extending polynomial hierarchy above $\omega$
The arithmetic hierarchy is naturally extended to all ordinals via ordinal notations creating a hierarchy for all hyperarithmetic sets. The polynomial time hierarchy is defined analogously to the ...
- 3,029
4
votes
0
answers
149
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Computable subsets of non-standard models of arithmetic
By Tennenbaum's theorem, there exists no computable non-standard model of $\mathsf{PA}$. That is, for any nonstandard model $M$, we cannot define an encoding of the integers $x\in M$ such that $+_M$, $...
- 291
15
votes
2
answers
918
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Which are the hereditarily computably enumerable sets?
My question is about sets that are computably enumerable with respect to their hereditary membership structure. Specifically, let me define that a hereditarily computably enumerable (h.c.e.) set is ...
- 236k
1
vote
0
answers
123
views
Is possibile to define transfinite sum and product recursively? [closed]
On mathstackexchange a few days ago I published the following question where I asked about "transfinite" sum and products but actually nobody answered or gave an opinion with a comment: thus ...
2
votes
0
answers
118
views
Uniformization and functions on Turing degrees
Assuming Martin's Conjecture on functions between Turing degrees, is AD + DC consistent with existence of an $f:\mathcal{D}_t → \mathcal{D}_t$ of rank $Θ$ ?
$\mathcal{D}_t$ is the set of Turing ...
- 7,545
7
votes
2
answers
644
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Ideals generated by Turing independent sets
Recall that $X \subseteq 2^{\omega}$ is Turing independent if no $y \in X$ is computable from the Turing join of any finite subset of $X \setminus \{y\}$.
Question 1. Can we construct a Turing ...
- 71
3
votes
0
answers
143
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Lindström's theorem part 2 for non-relativizing logics
By "logic" I mean the definition gotten by removing the relativization property from "regular logic" — see e.g. Ebbinghaus/Flum/Thomas — and adding the condition that for every ...
- 21.2k
3
votes
2
answers
262
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Question regarding $W$ as not hyperarithmetic
Consider the indexes of all ordinary programs generating functions from $\mathbb{N}^2$ to $\{0,1\}$. If we let $W$ be the set of exactly of all those indexes $e$ such that $\phi_e$ computes a total ...
- 881
6
votes
0
answers
298
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What are these non-classical versions of ZFC defined by realizability?
See Kleene realizability in Peano arithmetic for a similar question, but about PA instead of ZFC. (In particular, an answer as specific as Emil Jeřábek's answer would be great!)
In the context of ...
- 6,353
4
votes
3
answers
406
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Hyperarithmetically least elements in $\Pi^1_1$ sets
My question is: Do we have a hyperarithmetically $\le_H$-least real in any $\Pi^1_1$ set? That is
Question. Suppose that $A$ is a non-empty $\Pi^1_1$ set. Then can we find a real $a\in A$ such that $...
- 3,042
10
votes
2
answers
470
views
Is the set of permissible numbers of models of various cardinalities computable?
This question arose in the comments to this question.
Let $X$ be the set of pairs $(m,k)$ such that there is some (consistent complete countable first-order) theory $T$ with exactly $m$ models of size ...
- 21.2k
2
votes
1
answer
135
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Harrington's notes on McLaughlin/Arithmetically incomparable singletons
At one point I had copies of the handwritten notes Leo created about the McLaughlin conjecture and I know a similar set of notes exist titled Arithmetically incomparable arithmetic singletons. I've ...
- 3,029
4
votes
1
answer
172
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Let $\pi$ be a $ℍ𝑌𝑃_𝔐$-recursive projection of $ℍ𝑌𝑃_𝔐$ into 𝔐. What does $ℍ𝑌𝑃_{(𝔐, Domain(\pi))}$ contain?
Let the structure $\mathfrak{A} = (A, R_1, ..., R_n)$ be strongly acceptable iff $\mathfrak{A}$ is an acceptable structure (in the sense of Moschovakis' Elementary Induction on Abstract Structures), $\...
- 43
5
votes
1
answer
487
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How to solve this exercise about large countable ordinals?
In this note (Notes on Higher Type ITTM-recursion, 2021) written by Philip Welch, I'm trying to solve exercise 3.5(i), but I don't know how to solve it.
The problem is: assume that $L_{\gamma_0}<_{...
- 1,490
6
votes
1
answer
571
views
Parameter-free effective cardinals
In the paper "Effective cardinals and determinacy in third order arithmetic" by Juan Aguilera, effective cardinals is defined.
I'm curious about its little variation, parameter-free ...
- 1,490
2
votes
0
answers
133
views
Higher-order oracle computation of reals and axiom of constructibility
Certain real numbers can be approximated arbitrarily well by computable functions. If we introduce halting oracles, then more real numbers can be "computed", like Chaitin's constant or the ...
- 173
4
votes
0
answers
182
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Some questions on a paper of Gerald Sacks
I've been reading Sacks' Countable admissible ordinals and hyperdegrees as I'm interested in Theorem 5.3 of the paper:
Let $M$ be a countable standard model of $\mathsf{ZF}$ and $V=L$. Suppose $\...
- 2,286
7
votes
1
answer
443
views
Gaps in the ordinals writable by Ordinal Turing Machines with a single countable parameter
Let $W(\alpha)$ denote the set of all (countable) ordinals writable by Ordinal Turing Machines with a single (countable) parameter $\alpha$, i.e. each computation starts with a single ($\alpha$-th) ...
- 959
18
votes
4
answers
2k
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Theorems in set theory that use computability theory tools, and vice versa
I recently learnt that the proof of the classical theorem "$\mathsf{AD}$ $\implies$ $\aleph_1$ is measurable" uses computability theory tools (or at least one of its proofs does so). I'm ...
- 1,412
2
votes
1
answer
176
views
How can Kőnig's Lemma be expressed in Monadic Second-Order Logic of 2 Successors?
I read the following on Wikipedia's page on Monadic Second-Order Logic of Two Successors (MS2S):
Weak S2S (WS2S) requires all sets to be finite (note that finiteness
is expressible in S2S using Kőnig'...
- 123
2
votes
1
answer
202
views
A question about computability and Turing machines Part 2
I asked a question a few days ago and got a response
But my follow-up question was not answered (maybe my email was not sent successfully)
A question about computability and Turing machines
My quesion ...
- 127
2
votes
1
answer
298
views
A question about computability and Turing machines
For any recursively enumerable set theory $T$ (of consistency strength at least superior to KP), if we want to calculate $F(n)=\{F(m)：m∈ω∧mEn\}$ and can determine each $F(n)$ for a Henkin model $(ω,E)$...
- 127
3
votes
0
answers
110
views
What is the $E$-r.e. part of $L$?
See Sacks' paper $E$-recursive inuitions or his book for background on $E$-recursion. Throughout, work in $\mathsf{ZFC+V\not=L}$. I'll use $\varphi_e$ in place of $\{e\}$ for the $e$th partial $E$-...
- 21.2k
6
votes
0
answers
117
views
Reverse mathematics of Banach-Mazur games
Given $\mathcal{A}\subseteq\omega^\omega$, the Banach-Mazur game with payoff set $\mathcal{A}$ consists of players $1$ and $2$ alternately playing nonempty finite strings of naturals with player $1$ ...
- 21.2k
6
votes
0
answers
151
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Complexity of constructive arithmetical truth vs second order arithmetic
Let us say that an arithmetic statement is constructively true iff it is realized by a computable function under Kleene's function realizability. Does the set of constructively true (first order) ...
- 7,545
2
votes
1
answer
154
views
Axiomatization of S2S
What is a reasonable axiomatization of S2S?
S2S is the monadic second order theory with two successors (Wikipedia link). It has finite binary strings, operations $s→s0$ and $s→s1$ on strings, and ...
- 7,545
6
votes
1
answer
201
views
Reference request: generalized randomness
There is a plethora of notions of randomness for Cantor space ($\phantom{}^\omega 2$) (Schnorr randomness, Martin-Löf randomness, weak 2-randomness, the various forms of higher randomness such as $\...
- 1,155
2
votes
0
answers
235
views
The supremum of ordinals eventually writable by Ordinal Turing Machines with an oracle for the class of stabilization ordinals
This question is based on the assumption that all computations start with no ordinal parameters (i.e. the input is empty).
The term “stabilization time of a machine” for this question implies the ...
- 959
4
votes
1
answer
268
views
Existence of a particular function that maps an arbitrary set of ordinals to a single ordinal
Does there exist a function $f$ that satisfies all of the following three properties?
The function converts an arbitrarily large (empty, finite, countably/uncountably infinite) set of ordinals to a ...
- 959
4
votes
0
answers
253
views
Is this recursion theoretic analogue of a criterion of weakly compact cardinal accurate?
Jensen proved that, if V=L, and $\kappa$ is a regular cardinal, then if for any stationary $A\subseteq \kappa$, the set $\{\alpha\mid A \text{ is stationary below }\alpha\}$ is stationary in $\kappa$, ...
- 1,490
6
votes
1
answer
227
views
How often are forcing extensions of countable computably saturated models of $\mathsf{ZFC}$ computably saturated?
Recall that given a finite language $\mathcal{L}$, we say that an $\mathcal{L}$-structure is computably saturated (or recursively saturated) if for any computable set $\Sigma(\bar{x},y)$ of $\mathcal{...
- 12.5k
6
votes
0
answers
207
views
Fragments of infinitary logic with a weak definability property
For a countable admissible ordinal $\alpha$, let $\mathcal{L}_\alpha=\mathcal{L}_{\infty,\omega}\cap L_\alpha$ and let $\equiv_\alpha$ be the corresponding elementary equivalence relation. Say that ...
- 21.2k
7
votes
0
answers
313
views
An uncountable structure with unusual "relatively-computable shadow"
Below, all structures are infinite and in a finite language. Given a structure $\mathcal{A}$ with domain $\omega$, we conflate $\mathcal{A}$ with some reasonable encoding of its atomic diagram for ...
- 21.2k
3
votes
0
answers
203
views
Set-theoretic hierarchy using the uniqueness quantification
Has an equivalent of the set-theoretic hierarchies (arithmetical, hyperarithmetical, Levy etc.) that uses the uniqueness quantification, $\exists !$ (and its dual, $\neg\exists!\neg$) been studied ...
- 531
5
votes
0
answers
291
views
What is known about when regularity properties only hold for partial boldface pointclasses?
Apologies in advance for a rather vague and open-ended question.
Results about regularity properties of the projective pointclasses tend to have a wholesale flavor. By this I mean one tends to be ...
0
votes
1
answer
155
views
Is set of the indices of c.e.sets that cover a productive set also productive one?
Given a productive set, there is a collection of c.e. sets union of which is the productive set, as we know that every c.e. set is with a c.e. function with a index.
My question: is the set of the ...
- 3,094
4
votes
1
answer
469
views
How large are the stabilization times of Ordinal Turing Machines with an oracle for the transfinite initial ordinals?
This question is based on the assumption that $V \ne L$ and we have $\omega_1^L < \omega_1$ (here $\omega_1^L$ is equal to the supremum of ordinals accidentally writable by no-oracle Ordinal Turing ...
- 959
1
vote
1
answer
260
views
Natural strong logic with Barwise compactness property
Throughout, by "logic" I mean regular logic (in the sense of Ebbinghaus–Flum–Thomas) whose sentences are coded by elements of $\mathsf{HC}$. Say that $\mathcal{L}$ is Barwise compact iff ...
- 21.2k
5
votes
0
answers
317
views
$\Sigma_n$-complete sets in the Levy hierarchy
Recall that a set $A \subseteq \mathbb N$ is (many-one, Turing) $\Sigma_n$-complete if it's $\Sigma_n$ and any other $\Sigma_n$ set (many-one, Turing) reduces to it. This definition actually makes ...
- 1,882
7
votes
0
answers
304
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Which countable ordinals are "Barwise compact" for $\mathcal{L}_{\infty,\omega_1}$?
Barwise compactness says (as a special case) that whenever $\alpha$ is countable and admissible, $T\subseteq\mathcal{L}_{\infty,\omega}\cap L_\alpha$ is $\alpha$-c.e., and every subset of $T$ which is ...
- 21.2k
7
votes
0
answers
471
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Infinite time Turing machines, semi-decidable sets and descriptive set theory
Definition A set of reals $A$ is said to be ittm-eventually-semi-decidable if there is an Infinite Time Turing Machine programme $P_e$ so that $x\in A$ iff $P_e(x)$ has converged on “1” on its ...
- 4,839
4
votes
3
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403
views
Countably infinite sets of ordinals as parameters for Ordinal Turing Machines
Let $A$ and $B$ denote two countably infinite sets of ordinals.
Let $W_A$ denote the supremum of ordinals writable by Ordinal Turing Machines with the set $A$ given as the source of parameters. That ...
- 959
4
votes
1
answer
227
views
Is there a real $x$ which is eventually writable from an ordinal parameter $\alpha < \omega_1$, but not from $\omega_1$?
According to Lemma 3.14 in the paper “Recognizable sets and Woodin cardinals: Computation beyond the constructible universe”, there is a real $x$ in $L$ which is recognizable from some ordinal $\alpha$...
- 959
3
votes
0
answers
223
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Bimodal determinacy logic for Borel games
This question is intended to be a first step towards answering this old question of mine.
Let $K$ be the set of pairs $(\Sigma,\Pi)$ of quasistrategies, in the usual sense of games on $\omega$, for ...
- 21.2k
6
votes
1
answer
252
views
How similar are the c.e. degrees and the CEA(Cohen) degrees?
Given reals $A,B,X$, let $A\le_{T/X}B$ iff $A\oplus X\le_TB\oplus X$. For each real $X$ we can define a version of the c.e. degrees over $X$: we look at the preorder on $X$-c.e. reals given by $\le_{T/...
- 21.2k
4
votes
1
answer
337
views
How to compare three supremums of ordinals eventually writable by Ordinal Turing Machines?
This question implies that we have fixed: (i) a particular enumeration of Ordinal Turing machines; (ii) a particular way to encode an ordinal by an infinite binary sequence.
The class of $[1]$-...
- 959
12
votes
1
answer
780
views
Does every countable set of Turing degrees have an upper bound, without AC?
It is easy to see that every countable collection of sets $A_n\subseteq\mathbb{N}$ has an upper bound in the Turing degrees, since we can just take a copy of their disjoint sum $\oplus_n A_n=\{\langle ...
- 236k
2
votes
0
answers
258
views
Can we have a "very strong" cone phenomenon in the Turing degrees (and a related question)?
By Borel determinacy + Martin's cone theorem, for every countable fragment $\mathcal{A}$ of $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,\omega}$ there is a turing degree ${\bf c}$ such that for all ${\bf d}\ge_T{\bf c}$ ...
- 21.2k