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15 votes
2 answers
473 views

Generalizations of summation methods of divergence series

If one looks at the "summation proofs" of divergent series such as Grandi's series, one might see a pattern that most of the computation rely on linearity and comparability with the shift ...
Serge the Toaster's user avatar
15 votes
1 answer
764 views

Does there exist a nowhere smooth function, that has arbitrary many derivatives?

I'm sorry if my title sounds misleading, I don't know a better way to word my question briefly. But I have the following question about functions. First, as long as $A$ is a dense subset of $\mathbb{R}...
Sam Forster's user avatar
15 votes
2 answers
530 views

Nontrivial signed measure on Lebesgue measurable sets being trivial on Borel sets

Let $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R})$ be the collection of Lebesgue measurable sets and $\mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R})$ be the Borel sets. Question: Is there a nontrivial signed measure on $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R}...
Zhang Yuhan's user avatar
15 votes
2 answers
1k views

Converse of mean value theorem

Note: This is an attempt to narrow down conditions under which the conjecture stated in this previous post is true. As stated, it is false as shown by the counterexample provided in the answers by the ...
Nate River's user avatar
  • 6,155
15 votes
3 answers
903 views

Tauberian theorem $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} $

I am trying to prove or disprove $$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} ,$$ where $\sum c_{k}<\infty, \sum c_{k}^{2}<\infty\text{ and }\frac{\...
Thomas Kojar's user avatar
  • 5,474
15 votes
1 answer
2k views

Interpolating between piecewise linear functions, with a family of smooth functions

Let $[a,b)\subset\mathbb R$, and $F,G:[a,b)\to\mathbb R$ two decreasing piecewise linear functions so that $F(x)\leq G(x)$ for any $x\in[a,b)$. We assume that: there is a number $k\in\mathbb N-\{0\}$ ...
Cristi Stoica's user avatar
15 votes
3 answers
2k views

Can the Riemann integral be defined through a closure/completion process?

Let us consider real-valued functions on the bounded interval $[0,1]$. A "step function" means an element of the vector space spanned by indicator functions of (points and) intervals in $[0,1]$ (the ...
Gro-Tsen's user avatar
  • 32.5k
15 votes
2 answers
2k views

Where does the Lebesgue differentiation theorem fail?

The Lebesgue differentiation theorem says that for certain metric spaces $X$ (see below), any Borel measure $\mu$ that is finite on bounded sets and any $f: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ locally $\mu$-...
Vanessa's user avatar
  • 1,368
15 votes
1 answer
602 views

Integrability property of polynomials in several variables

This might be very trivial, or not. Let $p\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}$ be a polynomial of even degree, at most $n-2$. Assume that $p(x)\leq 0$ for any $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$. Assume that there ...
gin111's user avatar
  • 151
15 votes
0 answers
244 views

Natural examples of Borel surjections without right inverse

As discussed in this question, in general a Borel surjection $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ may not have a Borel right inverse, namely a $g$ such that $f\circ g=id$, although there is always a ...
183orbco3's user avatar
  • 623
15 votes
0 answers
477 views

Quantitative Skorokhod embedding

The Skorokhod embedding theorem says that any random variable $X$ with $\mathbb E X=0$ and $\mathbb E[X^2]<\infty $ can be written as $X=B_{\tau }$ where $B$ is a Brownian motion and $\tau $ is a ...
Dor's user avatar
  • 723
15 votes
0 answers
749 views

Prove $\int_{0}^{\infty} \cos(\omega x) \exp(-x^{\alpha}) \, {\rm d} x \ge {\alpha^2 \sqrt{\pi} \over 8} \exp \left( -\frac{\omega^2}{4} \right)$

I would like to prove that $$\int_{0}^{\infty} \cos(\omega x) \exp(-x^{\alpha}) \, {\rm d} x \ge {\alpha^2 \sqrt{\pi} \over 8} \exp \left( -\frac{\omega^2}{4} \right)$$ for any $\omega > 0$ and $...
Tanya Vladi's user avatar
15 votes
0 answers
409 views

Is there a continuous map $f:\mathbb R^\omega\to\mathbb R^\omega$ with dense countable preimage $f^{-1}(\mathbb Q^\omega)$?

Let $\mathbb Q^\omega_0:=\{(x_i)_{i\in\omega}\in\mathbb Q^\omega:\exists n\in\omega\;\forall m\ge n\;\;x_m=0\}$ and observe that $\mathbb Q^\omega_0$ is a countable dense set in $\mathbb R^\omega$ (...
Taras Banakh's user avatar
  • 41.8k
15 votes
0 answers
510 views

Lebesgue density 1/2 (or bounded away from 0 and 1)

From the work of Preiss, we know that in infinite-dimensional spaces, one has violations of the Lebesgue density theorem. In particular, he has constructed examples of probability spaces where a set ...
Aryeh Kontorovich's user avatar
14 votes
3 answers
2k views

How to prove $e^x\left|\int_x^{x+1}\sin(e^t) \,\mathrm d t\right|\le 1.4$?

Related question asked by me on Math SE a few days ago: How to prove $e^x\left|\int_x^{x+1}\sin(e^t) \,\mathrm d t\right|\le 1.4$? A few days ago, somebody asked How to prove $ \mathrm{e}^x\left|\...
Maximilian Janisch's user avatar
14 votes
3 answers
2k views

Every function on reals a sum of two surjective real functions?

From this question, and the answer thereof, we can see that every real valued function on reals is a sum of two injective functions. Is the same true if we replace injectivity by surjectivity. For ...
vidyarthi's user avatar
  • 2,089
14 votes
3 answers
878 views

Infinitely many $k$ such that $[a_k,a_{k+1}]>ck^2$

Let $a_n\in \mathbf{N}$ be an infinite sequence such that $\forall i\neq j, a_i\neq a_j$. I have the following theorem: For $0<c<\frac{3}{2}$, there are infinitely many $k$ for which $[a_k,...
user avatar
14 votes
2 answers
2k views

Generalisation of Cauchy's mean value theorem

I apologise in advance if this is an elementary question more fitted for Math Stack Exchange. The reason why I have decided to post here is that the question I am used to seeing on that site are not ...
carfog's user avatar
  • 413
14 votes
6 answers
6k views

Russian Equivalent of Big Rudin

Is there any Russian-authored textbook on Analysis equivalent to Big Rudin (Real and Complex Analysis)? I like Russian math textbooks a lot. I am looking for Russian textbooks (either in English or ...
Kumar's user avatar
  • 149
14 votes
6 answers
3k views

What's a natural candidate for an analytic function that interpolates the tower function?

I know that there are analytic functions whose composition with itself is the exponential function, the so-called functional square root of the exponential function, with the additional property that ...
John Jiang's user avatar
  • 4,466
14 votes
2 answers
871 views

Are all maps $\mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ with fixed singular values affine?

Let $f:\mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a smooth map whose differential has fixed distinct singular values $0<\sigma_1<\sigma_2$ and an everywhere positive determinant (which is the product $\...
Asaf Shachar's user avatar
  • 6,741
14 votes
2 answers
873 views

"sinc'n determinant"

The function $\text{sinc}(x)=\frac{\sin x}x$ permeates mathematics and physics in several aspects, and it carries multiple presentations/formulations. My interest is to inject yet another one of such. ...
T. Amdeberhan's user avatar
14 votes
2 answers
807 views

Integral of power of binomials equal to sum of power of binomials?

Inspired by this MO question about integrating binomial coefficients and the answers, I was wondering whether integrating powers of binomial coefficients also relates to the respective sums. And ...
Andreas Rüdinger's user avatar
14 votes
3 answers
1k views

Is the intersection of two Caccioppoli (i.e. finite perimeter) sets Caccioppoli?

Recall that we say that a bounded measurable set $S\subset\mathbb R^n$ is said to be Caccioppoli if the indicator function $1_S$ is BV, and we set $$ \operatorname{perim}(S)=\| \nabla 1_S\|_{TV} $$ ...
Dominic Wynter's user avatar
14 votes
1 answer
974 views

Positive roots of a polynomial

Let $a_i>0$, $i=1,\dots,n$, and put $\overline{a}:=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n a_i$. Assuming not all $a_i$'s are equal, take $$ p(x):=\sum_{i=1}^n a_i (a_i-\overline{a})\prod_{k=1,\dots,n\;k\neq i} (x+...
dima's user avatar
  • 959
14 votes
2 answers
2k views

Is the composition of two nowhere differentiable functions still nowhere differentiable?

Let $f,g:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be two continuous but nowhere differentiable functions. By the Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem for almost every point $x_0\in\mathbb R$ one has $$ \limsup\limits_{x\to x_0}\...
Liding Yao's user avatar
14 votes
3 answers
547 views

Recognizing Lipschitz functions up to change of target metric

Let $K$ be a compact subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ (for simplicity, I am happy to take $K=\overline{B(0,1)}$ for now if it is easier). Let $f:K \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^m$ be a continuous function. Is ...
user155731's user avatar
14 votes
1 answer
655 views

Almost all non-negative real numbers have only finitely many multiples lying in a measurable set with finite measure

Let $A$ be Lebesgue measurable subset of $[0,\infty)$ such that Lebesgue measure of $A$ is positive i.e. $0<\lambda(A)<\infty$. Let $S$ be the set defined as follows: $$S:=\{t\in [0,\infty):nt\...
Sumanta's user avatar
  • 632
14 votes
1 answer
401 views

Conjecture: Finitely many points where gravitational field due to N masses vanishes

Given a configuration $C$ of $N$ distinct fixed points of equal mass in the plane (eventually in space), let $f_C(N)$ denote the number of points $P$ for which the gravitational field at $P$ vanishes. ...
math_lover's user avatar
14 votes
2 answers
540 views

Are all well behaved "mean" functions on $\mathbb{R}^+$ equivalent?

Given a set $S$, a function $M: S\times S \rightarrow S$ is a mean if it satisfies the properties: $M(a,a)=a\qquad$ (identity) $M(a,b)=M(b,a)\qquad$ (commutativity). and possibly $M(M(a,b),M(a,c))=...
Yaakov Baruch's user avatar
14 votes
1 answer
481 views

A question on a real sequence

Let $\{a_n\}_{n\ge1}$ be a real sequence that decays faster than any algebraic speed, that is, $\lim_{n\to \infty} n^pa_n = 0$ for every positive integer $p$. Assume that $$\sum_{n\ge 1}(n+1)^kn^ka_n =...
Jacob Lu's user avatar
  • 903
14 votes
1 answer
900 views

“Taylor series” is to “Volterra series” as “Padé approximant” is to _________?

Padé approximants are often better than Taylor series at representing a function. Given a Taylor series, one can use Wynn's epsilon algorithm to easily produce the Padé approximants to it. Volterra ...
Mike Battaglia's user avatar
14 votes
2 answers
2k views

Is this property equivalent to Lusin's property (N) for continuous functions?

A function $F:[0,1]\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ satisfies Lusin's (N) property if for every measure zero set $A\subseteq [0,1]$, $F(A)$ has measure zero. (This includes the assertion that $F(A)$ is ...
Linda Brown Westrick's user avatar
14 votes
1 answer
918 views

Was Cantor aware of Lebesgue theory of integration?

Georg Cantor died in 1919, more than ten years after appearance of the Lebesgue theory of measure and integration at the beginning of the twentieth century. Lebesgue theory has a deep connection with ...
XIII's user avatar
  • 747
14 votes
1 answer
416 views

Lipschitz property of the determinant

$\newcommand{\A}{\mathcal A}\newcommand{\Tr}{\operatorname{tr}}$For $c$ and $C$ such that $0<c<C<\infty$, let $\A_{d;c,C}$ denote the set of all symmetric positive-definite real $d\times d$ ...
Iosif Pinelis's user avatar
14 votes
2 answers
996 views

Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ such that $ \|f''\|_p \geq Cn^2 \| f \|_p$, where $1 \leq p\leq \infty$?

Let $f$ be a trigonometric polynomial on the circle $\mathbb{T}$ with $\hat{f}(j) = 0$ for all $j \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $\lvert j \rvert < n$. Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ ...
user312503's user avatar
14 votes
1 answer
440 views

Inequalities on elementary symmetric polynomials

I have recently come across the following result. Let $0 < d \leq n$. Given any vector $x \in \mathbb{R}^n$ that satisfies $e_{d-1}(x) = 0$, show that $$|x_1 \cdots x_d| \leq |e_d(x)|$$ where $...
Nick R's user avatar
  • 1,187
14 votes
3 answers
849 views

Determinant equal to Fibonacci sequence

I need to find the determinant of matrix defined by \begin{align*} & a_{i,1}=a_{1,j}=1,\quad \forall 1\leq i,j\leq n,\\ & a_{i,j}=a_{i-1,j}+a_{i,j-1}+i-j, \quad \forall 1< i,j\leq n. \...
Paul's user avatar
  • 1,503
14 votes
0 answers
718 views

Lower bounds on analytic functions connected to Fox H

The question is related to the one I asked before and never got an answer to. Fourier transform of $f_a(x)= a^{-2}\exp(-|x|^a)$, $a \in (0,2)$, is decreasing in $a$ . I need to demonstrate that the ...
Tanya Vladi's user avatar
14 votes
0 answers
633 views

Classes of (non-continuous) functions with the fixed point property

Let $K$ be a convex body in $ R^d$. (Say, a ball, say a cube...) For which classes $ \cal C$ of functions, every function $ f \in {\cal C}$ which takes $K$ into itself admits a fixed point in $K$. ...
Gil Kalai's user avatar
  • 24.7k
13 votes
7 answers
35k views

Real analysis has no applications?

I'm teaching an undergrad course in real analysis this Fall and we are using the text "Real Mathematical Analysis" by Charles Pugh. On the back it states that real analysis involves no "applications ...
13 votes
4 answers
2k views

Is there an increasing function on $[a, b]$ which is differentiable, but not absolutely continuous?

Is there an increasing function on $[a, b]$ which is differentiable, but not absolutely continuous?
LMP's user avatar
  • 577
13 votes
5 answers
3k views

Reference request: Oldest calculus, real analysis books with exercises?

Per the title, what are some of the oldest calculus, real analysis books out there with exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there. Edit. Unsolved exercises ...
13 votes
6 answers
4k views

Finding f such that f(f(x))=g(x) given g

Suppose $g(x)$ is a smooth increasing function defined for $x \ge 0$ such that $g(x) \ge x$ for all $x$. Does there exist a function $f$ with similar properties such that $f(f(x))=g(x)$ for all $x \ge ...
David Corwin's user avatar
  • 15.4k
13 votes
3 answers
1k views

iterated harmonic numbers vs Riemann zeta

Define the $m$-th iterated harmonic sums in the manner: $\bar{H}_0(n):=1$ and for $m\geq1$ by $$\bar{H}_m(n):=\sum_{k=1}^n\frac{\bar{H}_{m-1}(k)}k.$$ For example, $\bar{H}_1(n)=\sum_{k=1}^n\frac1k$ ...
T. Amdeberhan's user avatar
13 votes
1 answer
3k views

Behavior of $n^\alpha \sin^{\circ\, n}(n^{-\alpha}x)$

I'll write it formally: Let $\sin^{\circ\, 1}(x) = \sin(x)$ and $\sin^{\circ n+1}(x) = \sin\bigl(\sin^{\circ n}(x)\bigr)$ for $n\in \Bbb N$ with $n>1$. What is the limit as $n \to \infty$? It's ...
13 votes
3 answers
820 views

Is there a Borel subset of $ \mathbb{R}^{2} $, with finite vertical cross-sections, whose projection onto the first component is non-Borel?

This question is related to another one that I asked two days ago. Question. Does there exist a Borel subset $ M $ of $ \mathbb{R}^{2} $ with the following two properties? The ...
Transcendental's user avatar
13 votes
2 answers
1k views

Is the exponential function the sole solution to these equations?

Let us take the exponential function $\lambda^z$ where $0 < \lambda < 1$. There are many great uniqueness conditions this holomorphic function satisfies. For example, it is the only function ...
user avatar
13 votes
3 answers
2k views

Set of real numbers with positive measure containing no midpoints

Does there exists a subset E of R with positive measure and without containing any midpoints (i.e. x,y distinct in E, (x+y)/2 not in E)?
Lieven's user avatar
  • 133
13 votes
3 answers
720 views

Supremum of $ a_n = a_{n-1}^3 - a_{n-2} $

Let $a_1=0$ and let $ - \ln(2) < a_2 < \ln(2) $ Define $$ a_n = a_{n-1}^3 - a_{n-2} $$ Then $$ \sup_{n>2} a_n = a_2 $$ And $$ \inf_{n>2} a_n = - a_2 $$ How to prove that ?
mick's user avatar
  • 769

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