All Questions
5,640 questions
15
votes
2
answers
473
views
Generalizations of summation methods of divergence series
If one looks at the "summation proofs" of divergent series such as Grandi's series, one might see a pattern that most of the computation rely on linearity and comparability with the shift ...
15
votes
1
answer
764
views
Does there exist a nowhere smooth function, that has arbitrary many derivatives?
I'm sorry if my title sounds misleading, I don't know a better way to word my question briefly. But I have the following question about functions.
First, as long as $A$ is a dense subset of $\mathbb{R}...
15
votes
2
answers
530
views
Nontrivial signed measure on Lebesgue measurable sets being trivial on Borel sets
Let $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R})$ be the collection of Lebesgue measurable sets and $\mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R})$ be the Borel sets.
Question: Is there a nontrivial signed measure on $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R}...
15
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Converse of mean value theorem
Note: This is an attempt to narrow down conditions under which the conjecture stated in this previous post is true. As stated, it is false as shown by the counterexample provided in the answers by the ...
15
votes
3
answers
903
views
Tauberian theorem $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} $
I am trying to prove or disprove
$$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} ,$$
where $\sum c_{k}<\infty, \sum c_{k}^{2}<\infty\text{ and }\frac{\...
15
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Interpolating between piecewise linear functions, with a family of smooth functions
Let $[a,b)\subset\mathbb R$, and $F,G:[a,b)\to\mathbb R$ two decreasing piecewise linear functions so that $F(x)\leq G(x)$ for any $x\in[a,b)$. We assume that:
there is a number $k\in\mathbb N-\{0\}$ ...
15
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Can the Riemann integral be defined through a closure/completion process?
Let us consider real-valued functions on the bounded interval $[0,1]$. A "step function" means an element of the vector space spanned by indicator functions of (points and) intervals in $[0,1]$ (the ...
15
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Where does the Lebesgue differentiation theorem fail?
The Lebesgue differentiation theorem says that for certain metric spaces $X$ (see below), any Borel measure $\mu$ that is finite on bounded sets and any $f: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ locally $\mu$-...
15
votes
1
answer
602
views
Integrability property of polynomials in several variables
This might be very trivial, or not.
Let $p\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}$ be a polynomial of even degree, at most $n-2$. Assume that $p(x)\leq 0$ for any $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$. Assume that there ...
15
votes
0
answers
244
views
Natural examples of Borel surjections without right inverse
As discussed in this question, in general a Borel surjection $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ may not have a Borel right inverse, namely a $g$ such that $f\circ g=id$, although there is always a ...
15
votes
0
answers
477
views
Quantitative Skorokhod embedding
The Skorokhod embedding theorem says that any random variable $X$ with $\mathbb E X=0$ and $\mathbb E[X^2]<\infty $ can be written as $X=B_{\tau }$ where $B$ is a Brownian motion and $\tau $ is a ...
15
votes
0
answers
749
views
Prove $\int_{0}^{\infty} \cos(\omega x) \exp(-x^{\alpha}) \, {\rm d} x \ge {\alpha^2 \sqrt{\pi} \over 8} \exp \left( -\frac{\omega^2}{4} \right)$
I would like to prove that
$$\int_{0}^{\infty} \cos(\omega x) \exp(-x^{\alpha}) \, {\rm d} x \ge
{\alpha^2 \sqrt{\pi} \over 8} \exp \left( -\frac{\omega^2}{4} \right)$$
for any $\omega > 0$ and $...
15
votes
0
answers
409
views
Is there a continuous map $f:\mathbb R^\omega\to\mathbb R^\omega$ with dense countable preimage $f^{-1}(\mathbb Q^\omega)$?
Let $\mathbb Q^\omega_0:=\{(x_i)_{i\in\omega}\in\mathbb Q^\omega:\exists n\in\omega\;\forall m\ge n\;\;x_m=0\}$ and observe that $\mathbb Q^\omega_0$ is a countable dense set in $\mathbb R^\omega$ (...
15
votes
0
answers
510
views
Lebesgue density 1/2 (or bounded away from 0 and 1)
From the work of Preiss, we know that in infinite-dimensional spaces, one has violations of the Lebesgue density theorem. In particular, he has constructed examples of probability spaces where a set ...
14
votes
3
answers
2k
views
How to prove $e^x\left|\int_x^{x+1}\sin(e^t) \,\mathrm d t\right|\le 1.4$?
Related question asked by me on Math SE a few days ago: How to prove $e^x\left|\int_x^{x+1}\sin(e^t) \,\mathrm d t\right|\le 1.4$?
A few days ago, somebody asked How to prove $ \mathrm{e}^x\left|\...
14
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Every function on reals a sum of two surjective real functions?
From this question, and the answer thereof, we can see that every real valued function on reals is a sum of two injective functions. Is the same true if we replace injectivity by surjectivity.
For ...
14
votes
3
answers
878
views
Infinitely many $k$ such that $[a_k,a_{k+1}]>ck^2$
Let $a_n\in \mathbf{N}$ be an infinite sequence such that $\forall i\neq j, a_i\neq a_j$.
I have the following theorem:
For $0<c<\frac{3}{2}$, there are infinitely many $k$ for which $[a_k,...
14
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Generalisation of Cauchy's mean value theorem
I apologise in advance if this is an elementary question more fitted for Math Stack Exchange. The reason why I have decided to post here is that the question I am used to seeing on that site are not ...
14
votes
6
answers
6k
views
Russian Equivalent of Big Rudin
Is there any Russian-authored textbook on Analysis equivalent to Big Rudin (Real and Complex Analysis)?
I like Russian math textbooks a lot. I am looking for Russian textbooks (either in English or ...
14
votes
6
answers
3k
views
What's a natural candidate for an analytic function that interpolates the tower function?
I know that there are analytic functions whose composition with itself is the exponential function, the so-called functional square root of the exponential function, with the additional property that ...
14
votes
2
answers
871
views
Are all maps $\mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ with fixed singular values affine?
Let $f:\mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a smooth map whose differential has fixed distinct singular values $0<\sigma_1<\sigma_2$ and an everywhere positive determinant (which is the product $\...
14
votes
2
answers
873
views
"sinc'n determinant"
The function $\text{sinc}(x)=\frac{\sin x}x$ permeates mathematics and physics in several aspects, and it carries multiple presentations/formulations. My interest is to inject yet another one of such.
...
14
votes
2
answers
807
views
Integral of power of binomials equal to sum of power of binomials?
Inspired by this MO question about integrating binomial coefficients and the answers, I was wondering whether integrating powers of binomial coefficients also relates to the respective sums. And ...
14
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Is the intersection of two Caccioppoli (i.e. finite perimeter) sets Caccioppoli?
Recall that we say that a bounded measurable set $S\subset\mathbb R^n$ is said to be Caccioppoli if the indicator function $1_S$ is BV, and we set
$$
\operatorname{perim}(S)=\| \nabla 1_S\|_{TV}
$$
...
14
votes
1
answer
974
views
Positive roots of a polynomial
Let $a_i>0$, $i=1,\dots,n$, and put $\overline{a}:=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n a_i$. Assuming not all $a_i$'s are equal, take
$$
p(x):=\sum_{i=1}^n a_i (a_i-\overline{a})\prod_{k=1,\dots,n\;k\neq i} (x+...
14
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is the composition of two nowhere differentiable functions still nowhere differentiable?
Let $f,g:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be two continuous but nowhere differentiable functions. By the Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem for almost every point $x_0\in\mathbb R$ one has
$$
\limsup\limits_{x\to x_0}\...
14
votes
3
answers
547
views
Recognizing Lipschitz functions up to change of target metric
Let $K$ be a compact subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ (for simplicity, I am happy to take $K=\overline{B(0,1)}$ for now if it is easier).
Let $f:K \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^m$ be a continuous function.
Is ...
14
votes
1
answer
655
views
Almost all non-negative real numbers have only finitely many multiples lying in a measurable set with finite measure
Let $A$ be Lebesgue measurable subset of $[0,\infty)$ such that Lebesgue measure of $A$ is positive i.e. $0<\lambda(A)<\infty$. Let $S$ be the set defined as follows:
$$S:=\{t\in [0,\infty):nt\...
14
votes
1
answer
401
views
Conjecture: Finitely many points where gravitational field due to N masses vanishes
Given a configuration $C$ of $N$ distinct fixed points of equal mass in the plane (eventually in space), let $f_C(N)$ denote the number of points $P$ for which the gravitational field at $P$ vanishes. ...
14
votes
2
answers
540
views
Are all well behaved "mean" functions on $\mathbb{R}^+$ equivalent?
Given a set $S$, a function $M: S\times S \rightarrow S$ is a mean if it satisfies the properties:
$M(a,a)=a\qquad$ (identity)
$M(a,b)=M(b,a)\qquad$ (commutativity).
and possibly
$M(M(a,b),M(a,c))=...
14
votes
1
answer
481
views
A question on a real sequence
Let $\{a_n\}_{n\ge1}$ be a real sequence that decays faster than any algebraic speed, that is, $\lim_{n\to \infty} n^pa_n = 0$ for every positive integer $p$. Assume that $$\sum_{n\ge 1}(n+1)^kn^ka_n =...
14
votes
1
answer
900
views
“Taylor series” is to “Volterra series” as “Padé approximant” is to _________?
Padé approximants are often better than Taylor series at representing a function. Given a Taylor series, one can use Wynn's epsilon algorithm to easily produce the Padé approximants to it.
Volterra ...
14
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is this property equivalent to Lusin's property (N) for continuous functions?
A function $F:[0,1]\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ satisfies Lusin's (N) property if for every measure zero set $A\subseteq [0,1]$, $F(A)$ has measure zero. (This includes the assertion that $F(A)$ is ...
14
votes
1
answer
918
views
Was Cantor aware of Lebesgue theory of integration?
Georg Cantor died in 1919, more than ten years after appearance of the Lebesgue theory of measure and integration at the beginning of the twentieth century. Lebesgue theory has a deep connection with ...
14
votes
1
answer
416
views
Lipschitz property of the determinant
$\newcommand{\A}{\mathcal A}\newcommand{\Tr}{\operatorname{tr}}$For $c$ and $C$ such that $0<c<C<\infty$, let $\A_{d;c,C}$ denote the set of all symmetric positive-definite real $d\times d$ ...
14
votes
2
answers
996
views
Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ such that $ \|f''\|_p \geq Cn^2 \| f \|_p$, where $1 \leq p\leq \infty$?
Let $f$ be a trigonometric polynomial on the circle $\mathbb{T}$ with $\hat{f}(j) = 0$ for all $j \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $\lvert j \rvert < n$. Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ ...
14
votes
1
answer
440
views
Inequalities on elementary symmetric polynomials
I have recently come across the following result.
Let $0 < d \leq n$. Given any vector $x \in \mathbb{R}^n$ that satisfies $e_{d-1}(x) = 0$, show that $$|x_1 \cdots x_d| \leq |e_d(x)|$$ where $...
14
votes
3
answers
849
views
Determinant equal to Fibonacci sequence
I need to find the determinant of matrix defined by
\begin{align*}
& a_{i,1}=a_{1,j}=1,\quad \forall 1\leq i,j\leq n,\\ & a_{i,j}=a_{i-1,j}+a_{i,j-1}+i-j, \quad \forall 1< i,j\leq n.
\...
14
votes
0
answers
718
views
Lower bounds on analytic functions connected to Fox H
The question is related to the one I asked before and never got an answer to. Fourier transform of $f_a(x)= a^{-2}\exp(-|x|^a)$, $a \in (0,2)$, is decreasing in $a$ . I need to demonstrate that the ...
14
votes
0
answers
633
views
Classes of (non-continuous) functions with the fixed point property
Let $K$ be a convex body in $ R^d$. (Say, a ball, say a cube...) For which classes $ \cal C$ of functions, every function $ f \in {\cal C}$ which takes $K$ into itself admits a fixed point in $K$.
...
13
votes
7
answers
35k
views
Real analysis has no applications?
I'm teaching an undergrad course in real analysis this Fall and we are using the text "Real Mathematical Analysis" by Charles Pugh. On the back it states that real analysis involves no "applications ...
13
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Is there an increasing function on $[a, b]$ which is differentiable, but not absolutely continuous?
Is there an increasing function on
$[a, b]$ which is differentiable,
but not absolutely continuous?
13
votes
5
answers
3k
views
Reference request: Oldest calculus, real analysis books with exercises?
Per the title, what are some of the oldest calculus, real analysis books out there with exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there.
Edit. Unsolved exercises ...
13
votes
6
answers
4k
views
Finding f such that f(f(x))=g(x) given g
Suppose $g(x)$ is a smooth increasing function defined for $x \ge 0$ such that $g(x) \ge x$ for all $x$. Does there exist a function $f$ with similar properties such that $f(f(x))=g(x)$ for all $x \ge ...
13
votes
3
answers
1k
views
iterated harmonic numbers vs Riemann zeta
Define the $m$-th iterated harmonic sums in the manner: $\bar{H}_0(n):=1$ and for
$m\geq1$ by
$$\bar{H}_m(n):=\sum_{k=1}^n\frac{\bar{H}_{m-1}(k)}k.$$
For example, $\bar{H}_1(n)=\sum_{k=1}^n\frac1k$ ...
13
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Behavior of $n^\alpha \sin^{\circ\, n}(n^{-\alpha}x)$
I'll write it formally: Let $\sin^{\circ\, 1}(x) = \sin(x)$ and $\sin^{\circ n+1}(x) = \sin\bigl(\sin^{\circ n}(x)\bigr)$ for $n\in \Bbb N$ with $n>1$.
What is the limit as $n \to \infty$?
It's ...
13
votes
3
answers
820
views
Is there a Borel subset of $ \mathbb{R}^{2} $, with finite vertical cross-sections, whose projection onto the first component is non-Borel?
This question is related to another one that I asked two days ago.
Question. Does there exist a Borel subset $ M $ of $ \mathbb{R}^{2} $ with
the following two properties?
The ...
13
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Is the exponential function the sole solution to these equations?
Let us take the exponential function $\lambda^z$ where $0 < \lambda < 1$. There are many great uniqueness conditions this holomorphic function satisfies. For example, it is the only function ...
13
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Set of real numbers with positive measure containing no midpoints
Does there exists a subset E of R with positive measure and without containing any midpoints (i.e. x,y distinct in E, (x+y)/2 not in E)?
13
votes
3
answers
720
views
Supremum of $ a_n = a_{n-1}^3 - a_{n-2} $
Let $a_1=0$ and let $ - \ln(2) < a_2 < \ln(2) $
Define
$$ a_n = a_{n-1}^3 - a_{n-2} $$
Then
$$ \sup_{n>2} a_n = a_2 $$
And
$$ \inf_{n>2} a_n = - a_2 $$
How to prove that ?